Principles of Government Chapter 1, Sections “There has never been, nor ever will be, a people who are politically ignorant and free.” Thomas Jefferson Please sit. Where you sit is up to you (today)…it’s a free country after all. Also, Please get you books & notes out 1

The Elder Kidlets… 2 Mr. Organized Mr. Grumpy Warning: Time-Out Professional At Work Miss Smiley Some People Are Born To Carry A Briefcase “Whatever Dude”

Standards USG.1.1 Define civic life, political life, and private life and describe the activities of individuals in each of these spheres. USG.1.2 Define the terms and explain the relationship between politics, government, and public policy. USG.1.3 Interpret the purposes and functions of government found in the Preamble of the United States Constitution. USG.1.4 Compare and contrast types of government including direct democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and totalitarianism. USG.1.6 Compare and contrast unitary, confederate, and federal systems of government. USG.1.7 Define and provide examples of constitutionalism, rule of law, limited government, and popular sovereignty in the United States Constitution and explain the relationship of these constitutional principles to the protection of the rights of individuals. USG.1.9 Evaluate how the United States Constitution establishes majority rule while protecting minority rights and balances the common good with individual liberties. 3

Entrance Ticket Form a small group of 2-3 people and discuss the meaning of the following terms: Government* Public Policy* State* Constitution* Democracy* Then, come up with a definition for each term. 10 Minutes ish 10 Minutes 4

Vocabulary/Key Concepts – Ch. 1.1 & 1.2 Vocabulary Civic life, Political life, and Private life Government Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power Constitution (USC) Preamble Dictatorship Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy Public Policy State Population Territory Sovereignty Government Presidential Government Parliamentary Government Key Concepts Origins of the State Force Theory Evolutionary Theory Divine Right of Kings Theory Social Contract Theory Distribution of Government Power Federal Government Confederate Government Unitary Government Goals of Government (Preamble USC ) Ensure Justice Insure Domestic Tranquility Provide for the Common Defense Promote the General Welfare Secure the blessings of Liberty 5

Government is a “Human” Institution Learning Targets: I can define civic life, political life, and private life and describe the activities of individuals in each of these spheres. 6

Consider the Roles of the Individual… Private Life – Personal & Family Life (not in the public “eye”). Civic Life – Active Community Involvement Political Life – Taking Part in Government Be able to describe activities related to each of these “lives”*. 7

Government (Topic 1.1) Learning Target: I can define the terms and explain the relationship between politics, government, and public policy. 8

Why do we need Government? (Thoughts?) When the people fear the government there is tyranny. When the Government fears the people there is liberty. – Thomas Jefferson What does this mean? 9

Why Government? 10

11

Government* – The group of people and agencies entrusted with making and carrying out laws and policies agreed upon by the larger population. Kinds of Government Power : Legislative Power* The power to make laws Executive Power* The power to carry out laws Judicial Power* The power to settle arguments and decide the meaning of laws. 12

Crash Course Introduction: Crash Course U.S. Government and PoliticsIntroduction: Crash Course U.S. Government and Politics (6:46) 13

Public Policies Learning Target: I can define the terms and explain the relationship between politics, government, and public policy. 14

Public Policies Public Policies* - The laws and goals that government follows or pursues  education, taxation, defense, etc. In the US there are 4 sources of Public Policy 1.Constitution (Federal & State) 2.Laws passed by legislatures (Federal & State) 3.Executive (Administrative) Rules (Federal & State) 4.Judicial Decisions (Federal & State) 15

The “State” Learning Targets: 1.I can describe the function of government as it relates to the concept of the “State”. 2.I can identify the 4 characteristics of the “State”. 3.I can describe the 4 theories of the origin of the “State”. 16

The “State” (A term describing a “legal” entity) The “State” - A group of people, living in a defined territory, having a government with absolute power within its territory to decide its own policies. Note: the word for a “state’s” absolute power over itself is sovereignty. 17

4 Characteristics of the “State” 1.Population* – the people who live in the state 2.Territory* – the clearly defined “land” on which the state exists 3.Government* – the state’s political organization 4.Sovereignty* – the state’s supreme and absolute authority within its territory Note “democracy” is not a characteristic of the state. 18

4 Characteristics of the “State” 19 Population (People) Territory (Land) Government Sovereignty (Power)

Theories of the Origin of the “State” 1.The Force Theory  2.The Evolutionary Theory  3.Divine Right Theory  4.The Social Contract Theory*  1.Use of coercive force to rule 2.Heads of primitive families govern 3.God created the state and made it sovereign – people must obey 4.People voluntarily creates a state by giving up as much power as necessary to a central government to promote well being. Governmental powers may be limited by the people. 20

Theories of the Origin of the “State” 21 Force TheoryEvolutionary Theory Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory

What Government Does Learning Targets: I can Interpret the purposes and functions of government found in the Preamble of the United States Constitution. 22

U.S. Constitution (USC) Constitution* – A plan for government Preamble* - Beginning of the USC Outlines the goals of government The USC is the supreme law of the land in the United Sates. What does that mean? 23

The Goals of Government (Preamble USC) We the People of the United States, in Order (1) to form a more perfect Union, (2) establish justice, (3) insure domestic Tranquility, (4) provide for the common defense, (5) promote the general Welfare, and (6) secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. - Preamble to the U.S. ConstitutionPreamble to the U.S. Constitution 24

The broad purposes of U.S. Government “Form a more perfect union” – It links people together. “Establish justice” – It ensures that the law in both its content and administration are reasonable, fair and impartial. “Insure domestic tranquility” – It maintains order and keeps the peace. “Provide for the common defense” – It protects sovereignty and territory from internal and external threats. “Promote the general welfare” – It serves the people. “Secure the blessings of liberty” – It ensures liberty. 25

Types of Government Learning Targets: 1.I can compare and contrast types of government including indirect and direct democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and totalitarianism. 2.I can compare and contrast unitary, confederate, and federal systems of government. 3.I can describe how the USC establishes majority rule while protecting minority rights and balances the common good with individual liberties. 26

Classifying Governments (By who participates) Presidential* The executive and legislative branches are independent of one another and the President is chosen independently of legislature by people Parliamentary President (aka Prime Minister or Executive) is leader of majority party in legislature and chosen by and from the legislature Dictatorship Holds power independent of population Autocracy (Monarchy) – A government where 1 person holds unlimited power Oligarchy – A government where a small group holds all political power Totalitarianism - a centralized government that does not tolerate parties of differing opinion and that exercises dictatorial control over many aspects of life. Communism Based on government ownership and determination of goods 27

Federal Government Federal Government* A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and local governments. 28

Democracy* Democracy – A form of government in which people hold the power. Types of Democracy: Direct Democracy* – Will of the people becomes public policy in mass meetings Indirect Democracy* – Small groups of elected representatives chosen to make decisions for the society (U.S.) 29

Basis of Democracy Basis of Democracy (Colbert 6:49) Recognition of worth of all Respect for equality Majority Rule and Minority Rights* Acceptance of compromise for Community Good Insistence on the widest possible degree of individual rights Free Enterprise 30

Review Topics 1.1 & 1.2 Review Vocabulary and Key Concepts Define civic life, political life, and private life and describe the activities of individuals in each of these spheres. Define the terms and explain the relationship between politics, government, and public policy. Describe the function of government as it relates to the concept of the “State”. Identify the 4 characteristics of the “State”. Describe the 4 theories of the origin of the “State”. Interpret the purposes and functions of government found in the Preamble of the United States Constitution. Compare and contrast types of government including indirect and direct democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and totalitarianism. Compare and contrast unitary, confederate, and federal systems of government. Describe how the USC establishes majority rule while protecting minority rights and balances the common good with individual liberties. 31

Review and revise your Entrance ticket from the beginning of class… This is your exit ticket. Assignment: Read and take notes in pairs on Chs. 1.3 and