Divisions of the Skeleton. Axial Skeleton Includes skull, spine, and ribs. Includes skull, spine, and ribs.

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Presentation transcript:

Divisions of the Skeleton

Axial Skeleton Includes skull, spine, and ribs. Includes skull, spine, and ribs.

Skull Made up of 22 Bones: Made up of 22 Bones: Facial bones = 14 Facial bones = 14 Cranium =8 Cranium =8

CRANIUM Bones that enclose the brain (8). Bones that enclose the brain (8).

COLOR CODE Color code letters A-L on the skull. Color code letters A-L on the skull. Sutures (a,b,c) Sutures (a,b,c)

A. Frontal bone A. Frontal bone B. Pariatal bone (paired) B. Pariatal bone (paired) C. Occipital bone C. Occipital bone D. Temporal bone (paired) D. Temporal bone (paired) E. Sphenoid (connects cranium to facial) E. Sphenoid (connects cranium to facial) F. Ethmoid (roof and sides of the nasal passage) F. Ethmoid (roof and sides of the nasal passage)

Frontal Bone Contains 2 sinuses Sinuses ?

Parietal Paired (2)

Occipital

Temporal Bone Paired (2)

Sphenoid (page 139)

Ethmoid Bone

Sutures (a,b,c) Lines where bones meet, immovable joints. Lines where bones meet, immovable joints.

Fontanels Soft spots with no bones when babies are born. (Connective tissue) Soft spots with no bones when babies are born. (Connective tissue)

Fontanels As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly. The skull is growing as well but can not keep up. Fusion of the bones begins, but will complete after birth. A new born generally has 2 frontal bones, 4 occipital bones, and several sphenoid and temporal bones. These bones are held together by fontanels. As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly. The skull is growing as well but can not keep up. Fusion of the bones begins, but will complete after birth. A new born generally has 2 frontal bones, 4 occipital bones, and several sphenoid and temporal bones. These bones are held together by fontanels.

Foramen Magnum Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit. Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit.

External Auditory Meatus Opening in temporal bone for ear canals. Opening in temporal bone for ear canals.

Styloid Process Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles assoc. with the tongue. Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles assoc. with the tongue.

Facial Bones NOT enclosing brains (13 immovable + 1 movable = 14). Bones NOT enclosing brains (13 immovable + 1 movable = 14).

Facial bones G. Lacrimal (2) G. Lacrimal (2) H. Nasal Bone (2) H. Nasal Bone (2) I. Zygomatic (2) Cheek bones I. Zygomatic (2) Cheek bones J. Maxilla (2) upper jaw J. Maxilla (2) upper jaw K. Mandible *Only movable joint in the skull. K. Mandible *Only movable joint in the skull.

Lacrimal (2) Thin and scale like.

Nasal Bone (2) Two rectangles that fuse and form the bridge of the nose.

Zygomatic Bone (2) Cheek bones. Cheek bones. ‘Zygomatic Arch’ connects to the temporal bone. ‘Zygomatic Arch’ connects to the temporal bone.

Maxilla (2) Form the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity (hard palate). Upper jaw

Mandible (only movable face bone)

?

OSSICLES Bones in the ears. (Smallest bones in the body) Bones in the ears. (Smallest bones in the body) Hammer Anvil Stirrup Mallus Incus Stapes

Hyoid Attachment for movement of the tongue, doesn’t touch any other bones-base of the tongue Attachment for movement of the tongue, doesn’t touch any other bones-base of the tongue