Topographic Ocean Descriptions Simmons/Bellerand

 Capillary Action  Density  Universal Solvent  Polarity  Surface Tension  Buoyancy  Specific Heat What are the 7 properties of water?

 The area where land meets the sea  Rocky Shores  Coast line  Constantly changing water levels Intertidal Zone

 It includes the area where fresh water meets salt water= Estuary  The rivers that flow into estuaries can carry pollutants ex. Pesticides, sewage and industrial waste Intertidal Zone

 The area from low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf.  Large variety of organisms live here  Most of the worlds fishing grounds found here.  Upwellings Support Life in Temperate Seas- unitedstreaming.com Neritic Zone

 The kelp forest is made of seaweed called giant kelp.  Giant kelp grows in cool coastal waters where sunlight can go down to a rocky sea floor.  Kelp needs sunlight in order to grow  Kelp consists of at least three parts: the holdfast, stripe, and blade.  Giant kelp is one of the world's fastest growing plants. It can grow as much as 300 feet in a single year. Kelp Forest

 The kelp forest provides shelter and protection for many animals. Kelp (cont.)

 The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean.  As the winds blow away the warm surface water cold water rises and replaces it.  Upwelling brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals and other nutrients from the deep layers of the water. Upwellings

 Why are huge schools of fish usually found in zones of upwelling?  Upwelling booklet- due at the end of the period/Mon.  Title- Children’s Story about Upwelling how does it happen  Pictures necessary  Upwelling cont.

 Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on earth because of warm water and abundant food supply.  Each component of a coral reef is dependent upon and interconnected with countless other plants, animals and organisms. Coral Reef

 Coral is a substance that is formed by the skeletons of sea animals  Harder - Coral is a limestone formation formed in the sea by millions of tiny animals called polyps. Coral is a substance that is formed by the skeletons of sea animals Harder - Coral is a limestone formation formed in the sea by millions of tiny animals called polyps.

 Coral animals cannot live in water cooler than 65 °F (18 °C), therefore coral reefs are found mostly in warm, shallow, and tropical seas.  Coral reefs are in danger because of water pollution from sewage and agricultural runoff.  When a coral reef dies it leaves a skeleton of calcium carbonate young corals attach themselves to the old skeleton to start a new cycle. Coral Reefs (cont.)

 Smallest of the 5 oceans  Located between Europe, Asia, and North America  A network of air, oceans, rivers and land routes  Resources- Oil, gas fields, fish (marine mammals-whales and seals, sand, gravel, precious stones, nodules Arctic Ocean

 Endangered marine species, ie, walrus, whales, polar bears  Fragile ecosystem that is very slow to recover from damage.  However, the Antarctic ozone hole has caused the amount of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean to drop by as much as 15% which could eventually have an impact on the whole food chainAntarctic ozone hole Arctic Ocean

 A hydrothermal vent is a geyser on the seafloor.  It supports a diverse community of organisms.  They have been found in the Atlantic, Indian, and most recently, the Arctic Ocean.  Most occur at an average depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 ft) in areas of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Ocean Ridge system. Hydrothermal Vent

 It heats up to degrees C and is very corrosive.  rothermalvents/index.html# rothermalvents/index.html# Hydrothermal Vent (cont.)

 Oceans cover about 70% of the Earths surface.  The oceans contain about 97% of the Earth’s water supply.  There are 4 recognized oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic.  The oceans greatly affect weather and temperature. Currents distribute heat energy around the globe, helping to cool and heat the land near it. Ex. Land and sea breezes Open Ocean

 Average depth is about 2.4 miles (40 laps in the gym)  Avg. temp is 39 degrees F  Flora- seaweed, algae, sea grasses, and marine flowering plants  Fauna- worms, jellies, corals, sea anemones, mollusks (invertebrates)  Vertebrates- fish, birds, mammals, plankton, Open Ocean (cont)

 Threats- offshore oil drilling, oil spills, pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change. Open Ocean (cont)