By: Marawa Abdallah

 Grade Level: 11 th  Area of Content: Environmental Science  Academic Content Standards: Students should be able to explain the different types of soil and its uses.  Explain the environmental benefits and risks associated with soil.  Explain the processes that take place at plate boundaries and how these processes continue to shape Earth (e.g., volcanic activity, earthquakes, mountain building, mid-ocean ridges, deep-sea trenches, new land being formed).

 Describe the advantages and disadvantages of soil and its uses.  List the Factors Influencing Soil Formation  Explain and give examples for the definition of each word taught in the lesson.  Describe the different Structure of the Earth

What is Soil? Geologic Processes Structure of the Earth Tectonics Plates- (definition) Tectonic Plates (picture) Soil and Land Other Factors Influencing Soil Formation Soil Erosion Worldwide Soil Erosion Soil Profiles Major Soil Types Protecting Soil on Non- Farming Land Review OutlineQuestions Words To Know Video about Soil For more information about Soil ReferencesAny Questions

 iti.htm iti.htm  "Definition." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 27 Nov

 Crust - Extremely thin, less-dense solid.  Mantle - Makes up majority of earth, and surrounds a small core of iron. o Outermost portion is solid.  Crust and solid outer mantle collectively known as the lithosphere. Asthenosphere is a thin layer below the outer mantle capable of plastic flow.

 Tectonics Plates- Large plates of crust and outer mantle slowly moving over surface of the liquid outer mantle. o Heat from earth core causes movement.  Plates are pulling apart in some areas, and colliding in others.  Building processes counteracted by processes tending to tear down land.

 Land - Portion of world not covered by water.  Soil - Mixture of minerals, organic material, living organisms, air, and water that together support growth of plant life.

 Plant Roots  Bacteria and Fungi (Decomposers)  Position on Slope  Climate  Time  Rainfall  Soil pH

 Erosion - Wearing away and transportation of soil by wind, water, or ice. o Worldwide removes 25.4 billion tons/year  Poor agricultural practices increase erosion and lead to the transport of associated fertilizers and pesticides.

 Over 15,000 separate soil types have been classified in North America. However, most cultivated land can be classified as either grassland or forest soil.  Forest Soils - Topsoil layer is relatively thin, but topsoil leachate forms a subsoil that supports substantial root growth. (High rainfall areas) o Tropical Rainforests  Two features of great influence: High Temperatures Rapid decomposition, little litter. High Rainfall Excessive leaching of nutrients.

By using appropriate soil conservation practices, much of the land not usable for crops can be used for gazing, wood production, and wildlife production

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 Geologic Processes  Soil and Land  Other Factors Influencing Soil Formation  Soil Erosion  Soil Profiles  Protecting Soil on Non-Farming Land

 What are some factors that Influence Soil Formation?  What are two features that influence tropical rainforest?  Write 2-3 sentences of what you learned from the lesson Soil and its Uses.

 Crust  Mantle  Plate Tectonics  Land  Soil  Erosion  Forest Soils

 Ingham, Elaine R. "Soil Biology." NRCS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct Ingham, Elaine R. "Soil Biology." NRCS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct  l_is_Important.pdf l_is_Important.pdf  content/uploads/2012/08/SOILS-Curriculum- Guidelines.pdf content/uploads/2012/08/SOILS-Curriculum- Guidelines.pdf

 "Standards - View Standards by Subject Area and Grade Level or Course." Standards - View Standards by Subject Area and Grade Level or Course. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct  Enger, Eldon D., and Bradley F. Smith. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrlationships. 12th ed. N.p.: McGraw-Hill Science, Print.