VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20161 A Quick Discovery of Construction in Denmark Roger TAYLOR Faculty of Building Technology & Construction Management

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20162

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20163 Timber as a building tradition 1750

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20164 Traditional housing 1950

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20165 Scandinavian design 1960

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20166 Usual housing 1975

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20167 Modern house 1985

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20168 Scandinavian design 2000

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S20169 Car port : a Danish tradition

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Timber and cladding as a tradition

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Social housing

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Multi storey buildings

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Secondary country houses

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Site visit 2004

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Cavity walls

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Brick inner leaf

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Binders

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roofing

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Covering

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201620

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201621

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Basement Ground and 1 st floor

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201623

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Drainage system A separate drainage system is laid with one set of drains for foul waste, from toilets, bathtubs/showers and washbasins and another set for surface water from roofs and external surface areas. The drain pipes and man holes can be of PVC or concrete. Pipe sizes and gradients must be calculated to ensure that they are self cleaning. 110 mm minimum diameter

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Foundations reinforcement Longitudinal 10 mm diameter ribbed steel reinforcement bars are laid in the concrete, ready for the laying of pre-cast concrete hollow core blocks. The concrete must be vibrated at approximately 45cm intervals until air bubbles cease to appear on the surface of the concrete

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Foundation and roof anchors The second layer of Leca blocks are laid in bond with mortar, with a minimum overlap of 60 mm. Steel roof ties are cast in the concrete foundation with reinforced steel bar anchors. The steel bands will later be fixed to the timber roof rafters to prevent the roof from being blown off or lifted up by the wind. Bond

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels 75 x 600 mm load bearing pre- cast lightweight concrete panels, are chocked up and levelled on the Leca block base. Adhesive is applied to panel edges. Panels are bonded together and corrosion resistant wall ties are fixed in the vertical joints. Vertical Joint Wall ties

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels Corrosion resistant wall ties are placed at 20 cm intervals in the vertical joints of the wall panels. Wall panels are sawn to fit for the window opening. 20 cm

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Cavity wall: Inner leaf wall panels 75 x 100 mm pre-fabricated lightweight concrete panel strips bonded and nailed to inner leaf panels for fixture of window and door frames. Fixture of 38 x 100 mm timber wall plate on top of façade inner leaf panels. Timber pre- fabricated trussed rafters ready for erection.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof construction Overview of rafters showing jack rafters at right angles to main roof trussed rafters,

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof Construction It is a tradition in Denmark to hold a house topping party, after the rafters have been raised on the house. The client invites all persons who have been involved in the project to a meal of red sausages and beer. The occasion is marked by raising a decorative wreath on the rafters.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Internal walls Beam over internal door opening made from pre- fabricated panel. Plastic conduit is recessed in the pre-cast panels ready electric wiring. Wall panels bonded to Leca block base.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof construction The roofs reinforced plastic under layer is fastened to the top of the rafter with a spacer batten and nails. A 100 x 38 mm ridge ride plank is fastened to the apex of the rafter. Mineral wool insulation ready for laying between joist rafters in the ceiling.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof construction Slide x 56 mm timber battens are nailed to under lay spacer batten into rafters. Dimension between battens from c/c must correspond to the manufacturer of the roof claddings, specifications.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Cavity wall construction The gables is bricked up in Red and yellow bricks for aesthetic reasons. A DPC is laid under where the window sill will be placed to prevent moisture penetration into the cavity wall. The corrosion resistant wall ties are embedded in the mortar between the brick courses at 20 cm intervals.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S External wall and lightweight cladding The lightweight external wall consists of 75 mm lightweight concrete panel, 150 mm stud frame construction, 150 mm mineral wool insulation, 13 mm external plasterboard wind proof board, 12 mm timber lathes.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof construction The roof valley is constructed as an open valley with jack rafters, water resistant (WR) plywood, roofing felt under layer and a zinc valley gutter. The rain is conveyed away from the roof valley by a rain water head on top of the down pipe.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Roof construction Roof ready for cladding with red pan tiles. Steel galvanised gutter brackets nailed to rafters and bent to give fall to down pipes. Zinc flashing bonded to under lay for drainage into gutter.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Floor construction 100 mm polystyrene insulation layer with tongue and grooved edges. A 5 mm diameter steel reinforcement net, is laid on top of the insulation, ready for casting the 100mm concrete floor slab.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S Building services Hot water supplied is supplied from a district heating plant. Hot and cold water supply pipes are run in the floor to the utility room. Hot water is then distributed by a pipe in pipe system, in the floor construction, to the radiators.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S External wall Prefabricated modular timber windows and doors are fixed to the inner leaf in the cavity wall. All windows and doors are impregnated against rot and fungus attack. All windows and doors are made with double glazed units.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S External wall Completed façade with 125 mm half round zinc gutter and zinc down pipe. Wall base is rendered.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S External wall Detail of light weight facade and brick cavity wall construction. After completion all building waste and debris must be removed from the site.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S The completed building Picture of a detached dwelling. Note that the final location of the rubbish contain as not been solved.

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201645

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201646

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201647

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201648

VIA / TCU 4th semester workshop S2016 CASE 2: Multistory Building VIA University CollegeTCU-VIA Workshop – S201649