Womb to Tomb

 What are maturation stages (of baby)?  What is a zygote, an embryo, a fetus?  What are Ainsworth’s attachment styles?  What are Diane Baumrind’s parenting styles?  Who is Piaget?  What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?  Who is Erik Erikson?  What are Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development?  What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?  How do we study developmental psychology?

 Laugh  Ride a tricycle  Sit without support  Feel ashamed  Walk unassisted  Stand on one foot for 10 seconds  Recognize and smile at mom or dad  Kick a ball forward  Think about things that cannot be seen  Make two-word sentences

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEWBORN Developmental Psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span

 Conception begins with the drop of an egg and the release of about 200 million sperm.  The sperm seeks out the egg and attempts to penetrate the eggs surface.

Once the sperm penetrates the egg- we have a fertilized egg called…….. The Zygote The first stage of prenatal development. Lasts about two weeks and consists of rapid cell division.

 Less than half of all zygotes survive first two weeks.  About 10 days after conception, the zygote will attach itself to the uterine wall.  The outer part of the zygote becomes the placenta (which filters nutrients).

Embryo

 Lasts about 6 weeks.  Heart begins to beat and the organs begin to develop.  The “baby” is more vulnerable to damage at this stage than any others. Don’t drink or do drugs!

40 days 45 days 2 mos 4 mos

A Fetus

 By about the 6 th month, the stomach and other organs have formed enough to survive outside of mother.  At this time the baby can hear (and recognize) sounds and respond to light.

 Zygote  Embryo (most vulnerable to teratogens)  Fetus  (ZEF-Zero Eggs Forgotten)  Teratogen – drugs or diseases that affect baby

 Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant women’s heavy drinking.  Severe cases symptoms include facial disproportions.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY!  Full term at 40 weeks  is normal  Anything earlier than 32 weeks is premature  Can possibly survive as early as 24 weeks

 Laugh  2 months  Ride a tricycle  2 years  Sit without support  5-6 months  Feel ashamed  2 years  Walk unassisted  12 months  Stand on one foot for 10 seconds  4½ years  Recognize and smile at mom or dad  4-5 months  Kick a ball forward  20 months  Thing about things that cannot be seen  2 years  Make two-word sentences  months

 What do babies know?  Blank Slate?

INFANT REFLEXES  Rooting— turning the head and opening the mouth in the direction of a touch on the cheek  Grasping— curling the fingers around an object  Stepping Reflex– reflex that causes to make stepping motions when feet are placed on a flat surface.  Sucking, Swallowing, Moro

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEWBORN  Preferences  human voices and faces  Face-like images-->  smell and sound of mother preferred

The _____ is the structure that allows nutrients to pass from the mom to the fetus. A. zygote B. amnion C. uterus D. placenta

The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to the A. formation of a zygote B. implantation of the fertilized egg on the uterine wall C. the 2 nd through 8 th weeks of prenatal development D. the last 7 months of pregnacy

Maria is concerned about taking OTC allergy meds while pregnant. She should be most concerned if her pregnancy is at A. placental stage B. germinal stage C. fetal stage D. embryonic stage

The 3 rd stage of prenatal development lasts from 2 months til the end is called A. postgerminal stage B. embryonic stage C. fetal stage D. postnatal stage

When a newborn infant is touched on the cheek, the infant will turn its head toward the source of stimulation. This behavior is known as (A) rooting (B) suckling (C) the patellar reflex (D) the Moro reflex (E) the Babinski reflex

The child was born with widely spaced eyes, a thin upper lip, and a short flat nose. Chances are that he will later suffer from mental retardation. To which teratogen was this child most likely exposed during the prenatal period? a. Tobacco b. German measles c. Heroin d. Alcohol

 Maturation is the physical development of a person.  First you roll over, then crawl, then walk, then run.  Some babies skip crawling but that can be bad for cognitive development.

Infants begin to roll over first followed by sitting unsupported, crawling, and finally walking. Experience has little effect on this sequence. Renee Altier for Worth Publishers Jim Craigmyle/ Corbis Phototake Inc./ Alamy Images Profimedia.CZ s.r.o./ Alamy Top Down Inside Out

The developing brain overproduces neurons. Peaking around 28 billion at 7 months, these neurons are pruned to 23 billion at birth. The greatest neuronal spurt is in the frontal lobe enabling the individual for rational thought.

INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT  Infantile Amnesia– this explains why 3- 4 year olds can’t remember anything of the first few months of life. Many neural connections that underlie memories are only beginning to form.

TOILET TRAINING  NO MATTER WHAT, THE BABY NEEDS THE PHYSICAL MATURATION TO HOLD HIS OR HER BLADDER OR BOWEL MOVEMENTS BEFORE TOILET TRAINING.  NO TRAINING WILL WORK IF THE CHILD IS NOT PHYSICALLY READY.

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