Welcome to PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY GEO - 102

Today’s Goals Discuss course – syllabus/logistics Talk Science Ask Questions

Dr. Eric Peterson Office:Felmley Hall Annex Phone: Office Hours: 9:00 – 10:00 MW or by appointment Course Website:

Teaching Assistants Tuesday Lab Sections 3 & 7 – Andrew Francis 11 – Andrew Jennings 15 & 19 – Ryan Plath Thursday Lab Sections 5 – Andrew Jennings 9 & 13 – Joe Honings 17 & 13 – Monique Rutte All lab sections meet in Felmley Hall room 110

Text NO TEXT for the Lecture – Lecture notes/PowerPoints main source Principles of Geology: A Lab Manual by William E. Shields This manual is available for purchase in the online. You will need to purchase a new copy.

COURSE CONTENT Designed for science and non-science majors Earth’s Systems –Solid Earth – geological process that create and modify the Earth’s surface (Exams 1 & 2) –Hydrosphere and Hydrologic Cycle (Exam 3) –Surface Processes (Exam 4)

COURSE OBJECTIVES Understand the role of geology in society and geologic constraints on the utilization of resources Understand the Major Principles of Geology Understand the interaction between the different systems on the Earth

Class Policies Attendance – Mandatory Academic Honesty Lab Book Required Pre-read assigned material

Grading Exams (4)55% Homework/Quizzes/Participation – in- class exercises and assigned 15% Lab Grade30% 100%

Discussion Board Slack – isu-geo102-pog-fall16.slack.com

Keys for Success ATTEND CLASS Review the PowerPoint presentations and outlines Attend all laboratory meetings Prepare well in advance for and do well on your lecture exams Make use of my office hours. Visit the TA office hours. You may attend any TA office hours, not just your TA. Enjoy, have fun, and ASK QUESTIONS

What is Science? Source: edtechreview.in

Why do YOU need a science course?

How is Science conducted? The Scientific Method– process by which scientist answer questions –Observation – Evidence/Data that can be measured or observed. –Hypothesis – Formation of an explanation of the observation. An untested idea (See Figure 1.4). Inductive Reasoning – scientists draw general (broad) conclusions from specific observations Deductive Reasoning – scientists draw specific conclusions from general (broad) principles or observations

Fig. 1.6

How is Science conducted? The Scientific Method– continued –Hypothesis Testing – Designing an experiment that supports your hypothesis. –Theory – well-supported explanation withstanding tests by numerous investigators Elevated hypothesis Generally accepted by the scientific community –Law – Universally accepted theory No deviations have ever been observed. Most certain concept in science

The Scientific Method Scientific answers are tentative – they can change Answers/Explanations are continually challenged, which causes ideas to be modified or discarded Answers/Explanations should be predictable and testable Answers/Explanations are based upon observations or experiments and can be reproduced

Earth System Science The Earth can be divided into individual parts (systems) to be studied, but it is recognized that each part interacts with many other parts. The boundaries of a system can be defined however you want. Systems are defined by how energy and matter cross the boundaries.

Hydrosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere (Geosphere) Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Earth's Major Systems - the 4 spheres

Lithosphere The Solid Earth Minerals and rocks The stresses acting on the materials Plate Tectonics

Hydrosphere Total Mass of Water Covers 71% of Earth’s surface –98% is in the oceans –2% is in streams, lakes, groundwater, & glaciers In constant motion – Hydrologic Cycle Needed for life to evolve and flourish

Hydrosphere Breakdown

Atmosphere Envelope of gas around Earth Essential for life Influences weather and climate patterns Composition Unique –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –trace amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases 1 st atmosphere was carbon dioxide and water vapor Oxygen added as a by-product photosynthesis once plants evolved

The Biosphere Includes all life –Plants –Animals –Microorganisms Continually in flux –Temperature –Pressure –Chemistry

Interaction between spheres Example - Tsunami Fig. 1.4