CHAPTER 3 THE DYNAMIC EARTH Section 3 – The Hydrosphere – Pt 1

Earth Regions Geosphere All of the rock on planet Earth. Lithosphere  Inner Core. Atmosphere All of the Gas above the Earth’s surface. Troposphere  Exosphere. Hydrosphere All of the water found on Earth. Includes Saltwater and Freshwater.

Fresh, Brackish, and Saltwater Freshwater Very low salt concentration <0.05% salt Brackish Water (San Jac River) In between fresh and saltwater 0.05 – 3% salt concentration Saltwater Oceans 3-5% salt concentration

THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Evaporation Process that transfers water from Earth’s surface to the Atmosphere. Liquid water is heated and changes state to water vapor.

Evaporation 80% of evaporation happens over Earth’s oceans. Salt does not travel with evaporated water from the Ocean. Evaporation rates are much higher in areas of warm temperatures.

Transpiration Plants take in CO 2 and release O 2 during photosynthesis. Tiny openings in the leaf called Stomata allow this to happen. Stomata also release water vapor.

Transpiration Loss of water vapor to the atmosphere from plants. Clouds above heavy areas of vegetation are direct result of transpiration.

Condensation Water vapor mixes with cooler air and condenses back to liquid water forming clouds. Convection causes the newly formed water vapor gas to rise.

Transport Recall 80% of evaporation happens over the Ocean Water Vapor gas and Clouds need to be transported through the atmosphere to reach land. Main source of transport is the Jet Stream and land/sea breezes.

Precipitation Water falls back to Earth as freshwater in several different forms of Precipitation. Rain Snow Sleet Hail