Gross Anatomical study of crude Drugs Nux-vomica seed & Ipecacuanha root PH103.90

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING ANDHRA PRADESH Name : T.Sujata Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy Branch : Pharmacy Institute : GPW ,Guntur Year : I D.Pharm. Subject : Pharmacognosy Subject Code : Ph -103 Topic : Gross Anatomical study of crude Drugs Duration : 50 minutes Sub topic : Nux-vomica seed & Ipecacuanha root(8/8) Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs PH103.90

Gross Anatomical Study of Crude drugs Histology of Nux-vomica seed & Ipecacuanha root PH103.90

On completion of this period you would able to learn about: Objectives On completion of this period you would able to learn about: Biological source Family Histology Constituents and Uses of Nux-vomica seed and Ipecacuanha root PH103.90

KNOWN TO UNKNOWN Can you identify these? Fig : 1 Nux-vomica seeds PH103.90

1. Have you ever seen such type of drug? Yes / No 2. What are those ? Leaf / Roots / Seeds / Fruits 3. Can we use this as medicinal purpose? Yes/ No 4. How do you identify the that these are original fruits? By histological study PH103.90

Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Biological Source : Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Family : Loganiaceae PH103.90

A transverse section of Nux-vomica shows Testa Lignified Trichomes Epidermal cell Collapsed Parenchyma Endosperm Plasmodesma Aleurone grains Oil globules PH103.90 Fig : 2

Testa 1.Lignified trichomes Thick walled Bent and twisted lignified trichomes Parallel in one direction 600-1000µ length 25µ diameter Fig : 3 PH103.90

1.Epidermal cells Single layer Forms lignified trichomes Large thick walled Oblique linear pits ( Base of trichome) 2. Collapsed Parenchyma Two layers Flattened parenchyma Fig : 4 PH103.90

1.Endosperm parenchyma Cell contains hemicellulose in cell wall Thick walled cellulosic parenchyma Cell contains hemicellulose in cell wall 2.Plasmodesma Fine protoplasmic strands between the walls of endospermic cells Fig :5 PH103.90

1.Endosperm Aleurone grains 30µ in diameter Only globoids present Oil globules Fixed oil as small oil droplets Fig : 6 PH103.90

ChemicalConstituents Indole alkaloids Strychnine Brucine Glycoside - Loganin Uses Bitter Stomachic CNS Stimulant(Spinal Stimulant) Nervine tonic PH103.90

Ipecacuanha root Fig : 7 PH103.90

Biological Source Family Dried rhizomes and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha Family Rubiaceae PH103.90

A transverse section of Ipecacuanha shows Histology A transverse section of Ipecacuanha shows 1. Cork 2. Phelloderm 3. Cortex 4. Phloem 5. Xylem 6. Medullary rays PH103.90 Fig : 8

1. Cork Narrow tangentially elongated isodiametric cells Contains dark brown granular matter irregular in shape PH103.90 Fig :9

1. Phelloderm Two or three rows Tangentially Elongated Thin walled Few cells contain Starch grains Fig :10 PH103.90

Many layers of thin walled Cellulosic parenchyma Intercellular spaces 1.Cortex Many layers of thin walled Cellulosic parenchyma Intercellular spaces Starch grains Scattered Idioblasts- contain acicular Raphides of Calcium oxalate 1 Fig : 11 PH103.90

3. Calcium oxalate crystals Either scattered or in bundles 1. Cortex 2. Starch grain Rarely single Mostly compound 2-4 4-10µ diameter 3. Calcium oxalate crystals Either scattered or in bundles 30-80µ length Fig ; 12 PH103.90

1. Phloem Many paches in small groups Embedded in parenchymatous cells 2. cambium Fig : 13 PH103.90

Tracheids - pitted wall Xylem parenchyma- packed with starch grains Lignified Tracheids - pitted wall Xylem parenchyma- packed with starch grains Medullary rays PH103.90 Fig : 14

Radial row arrangement Filled with starch grains No vessels or normal 1.Medullary rays Lignified Radially elongated Radial row arrangement Filled with starch grains No vessels or normal fibres PH103.90 Fig :15

Chemical Constituents.. Isoquinoline alkaloids Emetine Cephaline Psycho trine Uses Expectorant Emetic Anti-amoebic PH103.90

QUIZ 1.What is the biological source of Nux-vomica ? Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica 2. How the Plasmodesma is arranged in endosperm region? Fine protoplasmic strands between the walls of cells 3. Whether aleurone grains are present or absent ? Present PH103.90

QUIZ 4. Xylem contains what type of vessels in Ipecacuanha root? Tracheidal vessels 5. where the phloem is arranged and how ? Above the cambium in patches of small groups 6. What are the uses of Ipecacuanha? Expectorant, emetic, anti-amoebic PH103.90

Frequently asked questions Write the Botanical source, Macroscopy, Microscopy, Chemical constituents, Uses and Adulterants of Nux-vomica.( April2007, Nov 2006, June 2002, Nov 2000) 2. Write the morphology and uses of ‘ Ipecac’(April2007, June 2002) PH103.90

THANK YOU PH103.90