Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Find out how the United States built its military and converted its economy to meet wartime needs. Learn how American women contributed to the war effort. Discover how World War II affected Japanese Americans and other groups of people at home. Objectives

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Bellwork: April 29&30 Causes of WWII Use pg 804 to review the Military Aggression of each nation 1.Treaty of Versailles 2.Military Aggression –Japan –Italy –Germany 3.Appeasement

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home In response, Roosevelt banned iron and steel scrap exports and restricted the sale of oil to Japan. Facing a shortage of fuel for their navy, Japanese leaders decided to attack the U.S. On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers launched a surprise attack on American forces at Pearl Harbor. In July 1941, Japan invaded the French colony of Indochina.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home On December 8, Congress declared war on Japan. Japan’s allies, Germany and Italy, then declared war on the United States.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Building the Military The DraftIn 1940, Congress passed a draft law, and just days after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, it revised the law to require people to serve for the entire war. Men Mobilize More than 15 million American volunteers and draftees served in the armed forces during World War II, including men from every ethnic and religious group. Women Mobilize Hundreds of thousands of American women served in the armed forces as nurses or in noncombat roles such as the Women’s Army Corps (WACs). Women pilots ferried bombers from base to base, towed targets, and taught men to fly.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home The government established a War Production Board to supervise industry as it hastily converted its output from consumer to military goods. The war quickly ended the Great Depression, because now there were jobs for everyone, including minorities.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Americans were expected to help supply Allied forces with food, clothing, and war equipment. Americans planted victory gardens and bought war bonds. To conserve needed resources, the government imposed rationing. These measures boosted the public’s morale by giving citizens at home a sense that they were helping to win the war.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Women worked in factories and shipyards and became police officers and bus drivers. A fictional character, “Rosie the Riveter,” became a popular symbol of all women who worked for the war effort. Defense industries began to recruit women for industry, in order to replace the men who went to war.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Treatment of African Americans Segregated Units As in past wars, African Americans served in segregated units during World War II. The NAACP and other groups protested against the racial policy of the armed forces and the military nursing corps. Discrimination in Industry Discrimination was also widespread in industries doing business with the government. Some African American leaders pointed out that while the nation was fighting for democracy overseas, it still permitted injustice at home.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Union leader A. Philip Randolph threatened a mass protest unless Roosevelt ended discrimination in the armed forces. Roosevelt ordered employers doing business with the government to support racial equality in hiring. To investigate charges of discrimination, he set up the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC).

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home About 500,000 Mexican Americans served in the armed forces during World War II. Due to the need for workers, in 1942 the U.S. signed a treaty with Mexico that allowed American companies to hire braceros. As more Mexicans moved north to work on farms and railroads, they often faced prejudice and violence.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home During the war, Americans became suspicious of people from Axis countries. Other German Americans and Italian Americans faced curfew or travel restrictions. Some German and Italian Americans were held in government camps as “enemy aliens.” Most of these were foreign-born residents who had not yet achieved citizenship.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home The order was used to intern some 110,000 Japanese Americans in small camps for the duration of the war.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Whole families were rounded up for internment and were allowed to bring only what they could carry. They lived in small, barren camps surrounded by barbed wire.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home When the war ended, the government released the internees. In 1990, the U.S. formally apologized and paid each surviving internee $20,000. In 1948, it made a small payment to them for the property they had lost.

Chapter 24 Section 3 The War at Home Navajo Code Talkers Navajo’s served in the Marines transmitting coded messages in their own language during WW2. The codes were encrypted and were never broken my the Japanese. For example the word "potato" being used to refer to a grenade or "turtle" to a tank