CH. 23 Sec. 2 Election of 2000 & 9/11 Essential Questions: 1)Describe the controversy surrounding the 2000 Presidential Election. 2)What was the impact of 9/11?

2000 ELECTION RESULTS 541,000 approx. difference Meaning?

County by County Analysis In 2000, Governor George W. Bush carried 2,439 counties to 674 for Senator Al Gore. Florida recount?

Infamous “Butterfly Ballot” Many Florida voters, especially the elderly, were apparently confused by the alternating sides and arrows matching up with the punch hole Supposedly, those wanting Gore either punched the second hole or started to punch it (getting a “hanging chad”) in 2000

PUNCH BALLOT: CLOSE-UP Remember: The method of voting is a state decision—and the irony is that it was designed by Florida Democrats

GORE LEGAL STRATEGY The Gore lawyers sought to have a recount only in those precincts where they felt “voter intent” was harmed (namely four largely Democratic urban areas) The argument centered on the ballots and how the voters intended to vote for Al Gore, though partially punching another ballot hole

The Bush Legal Strategy The Bush lawyers first wanted to stop any recount Failing to bar a recount, they wanted only ballots which were properly voted, because “it is impossible to determine intent” They also wanted overseas ballots (largely military ballots) to be included, which were delayed and may not arrive before the allotted time set by law

Florida Recount in Action The question for the recount teams in Florida was: “In the absence of any preexisting definition or precedent, how do you determine the intent of a voter—and what was or was not a hanging “chad”?

Florida State Supreme Court On December 8, 2001 held: Partial results of Dade County be added (172 net gain for Al Gore) 9000 approximate ballots in Dade County not completed when the recount officially ended shall be tabulated immediately 215 Palm Beach votes be added, though completed after the time allocated by law All ballots in any other county not tabulated shall be done immediately

U.S. SUPREME COURT In a 5-4 decision, the majority (all nominated by Republican presidents) ruled: “intent of voter” sounds good, but cannot be equally applied Florida Supreme Court used varying standards in ordering a recount in only certain counties (violating the equal protection clause of the 14 th Amendment) If Florida Supreme Court ruling was carried out, the use of untrained teams of counters to finish by December 12, 2001 would cause more undue harm than good (especially without any established uniform standards for hanging “chads”)

FOUR DISSENTING JUSTICES *ALL NOMINATED BY DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTS The U.S. Supreme Court should have sent the case back to the Florida S.C. to articulate uniform standards to be applied during the continued recounts Some thought the case should not have been heard on the federal level at all Different counting methods of voting were needed, given the use of different machines and multiple problems with those voting machines

George W. Bush 43 rd President Born July 6, 1946 Governor of Texas from Many big challenges/events during his presidency

What is terrorism? FBI- the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to influence or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Defense Department- the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. State Department- an activity, directed against persons involving violent acts or acts dangerous to human life which would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S.; and is intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion… United Nations- a ll war crimes will be considered acts of terrorism, in which case most every gov’t in the world has committed terrorism, though a few have ever faced justice or were even disgraced for doing so

Points of Emphasis on Terrorism Existed for centuries Often challenge something (gov’t, religion, etc.) Organizations can be small, large, organized, unorganized Public acts of violence Create fear in public Attack civilian targets and not military targets

The 9/11 Attacks

4 planes hijacked 2 into the WTC 1 into the Pentagon 1 crashed in Shanksville, PA

8:46 am first plane crashed 9:03 am second plane crashed Towers collapsed within 2 hrs.

The Death Toll All 265 people on the four airplanes were killed. Estimates of the deaths at the World Trade Center were in the thousands. After years of investigations, the New York death toll stood at 2, people died in the attack on the Pentagon.

The Hijackers 19 hijackers Members of terrorist group al-Qaeda Led by Osama bin Laden

Leading architect of 9/11 was Khalid Sheik Mohammed Leading hijacker was Mohamed Atta

Aftermath of 9/11 Two wars: Iraq & Afghanistan Patriot Act passed Hatred towards Muslims Increased Security

Aftermath of 9/11 Cleanup took over a year to complete Health problems rose in recovery workers

Aftermath of 9/11 People around the country came to help out Blood donations soared Increase in patriotism

One World Trade Center 104 story office skyscraper Will be 1,776 ft. high Tallest building in Western Hemisphere & 3 rd in world Final component added May 10, 2013

Extra Credit- Due Friday 5/24 Interview 2 people and ask them what they remember about 9/11. Things to ask could be what they remember, what they were doing, how it affected them etc. Interview people old enough to remember: parents, grandparents, older siblings, boss, teachers, etc. 10 point extra credit