SIVA INSTITUTE OF FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY ASHWINI.B. NISHA.B.A.

AGENDA  History  Introduction  Wifi components  open wireless access point  solution to open wifi  Wifi walkie talkie  Merits  Demerits  Latest Inventions in wifi  References  Conclusions

What is the goal of standard ? To develop a Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specification for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable and moving stations within a local area. WiFi 3

HISTORY  Invention  The Name  Wifi Certification

Wi-Fi FUNDAMENTALS  Wi-Fi is called Wireless Fidelity, is the wireless way to handle networking.  Wi-Fi enabled computers send and receive data, within the range of a base station.  Its just as fast as a cable modem connection.  Allows you to access the Internet, while on the move.

Wi-Fi NETWORK

Do I need any license to use device ?  No, 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz are public available frequency !!! WiFi 7

WiFi compnents A PC, A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter A Network Interface An Access Point A valid internet connection.

Access Point (AP)  An access point is, relaying data between connected wireless devices in addition to a single connected wired device WIRELESS ADAPTER  allows a device to connect to a wireless network. These adapters connect to devices using various interconnects such as PCI, USB, PCMCIA

Wireless Router  A wireless router integrates an AP, Ethernet switch, and internal Router firmware application that provides IP Routing, NAT & DNS forwarding through an integrated WAN interface  It allows wired and wireless Ethernet LAN devices to connect to single WAN device such as cable modem or DSL modem

Wireless Ethernet Bridge  A wireless Ethernet bridge connects a wired network to a wireless network  This is different from an access point in the sense that an access point connects wireless devices to a wired network at the data-link layer  Two wireless bridges may be used to connect two wired networks over a wireless link, useful in situations where a wired connection may be unavailable, such as between two separate homes.

Range Extender  Wireless devices connected through repeaters will suffer from an increased latency for each hop. Additionally, a wireless device at the end of chain of wireless repeaters will have a throughput that is limited by the weakest link within the repeater chain.

Open Wireless Access Points Is your WiFi “Open”? The dangers of open WiFi What about the legal implications

Solutions to “open” WiFi One possibility: Mac Address Filtering Give my access point a list of allowed clients by their Mac Address… There is a problem though! The MAC address is the front of every packet sent, Anyone with packet sniffing software instantly sees all the authorized MAC addresses for the wireless network. They capture even one packet, they've got the MAC address that they can spoof.

Solutions to “open” WiFi Another possibility: SSID Hiding You hide the name of your router so that people don't see it. It hides it only from those who aren't using packet sniffers, hackers see it just fine.

Solutions to “open” WiFi One last possibility: Data Encryption WEP is one type of encryption WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Foundation of WEP encryption is an RC4 cipher, is extremely strong. But it was used in a very bad way. Thus WEP is broken!!!

Solutions to “open” WiFi Data Encryption WPA / WPA2 is the other type of encryption WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA uses TKIP protocol along with RC4 encryption which changes the key often enough to make it secure WPA2 uses AES encryption it doesn't use the RC4 encryption

Wi-Fi WALKIE-TALKIE  These are small radios that can transmit and receive radio signals.  Our voice is picked up by a microphone, encoded onto a radio frequency and transmitted with the antenna.  Antenna, decode our voice from the radio signal and drive a speaker.  Signal strength is about 0.25 watts.  Walkie-talkie is designed to handle the human voice.

Merits  Unlike packet radio systems, Wi-Fi uses unlicensed radio spectrum  Allows LANs to be deployed without cabling, potentially reducing the costs of network deployment and expansion.  Competition amongst vendors has lowered prices considerably since their inception.  Wi-Fi networks support roaming, in which a mobile client station such as a laptop computer can move from one access point to another as the user moves around a building or area.  Many access points and network interfaces support various degrees of encryption to protect traffic from interception.  Wi-Fi is a global set of standards

Demerits  Higher Power consumption as compared to some other low- bandwidth standards,  Many 2.4 GHz b and g Access points default to the same channel on initial startup, contributing to congestion on certain channels b802.11g  Wi-Fi networks have limited range.

good places to install WiFi? Basically, any location which caters to business users, and where people with laptops are likely to make frequent visits is an ideal choice to install WiFi. Airports Hotels & Resorts Restaurants Coffee Shops Bookstores Shopping Malls

HOTSPOTS What is a HotSpot?  A Hotspot is a geographic area that has a readily accessible wireless network.  Hotspots are equipped with a Broadband Internet connection.  One or more Access Points are provided to access the Internet wirelessly.  HotSpots can be setup in any public location that can support an Internet connection.

TYPICAL Wi-Fi USERS  Frequent Travelers  Businessmen  Scientists & Doctors  Students and Academicians  Administrators & Technocrats  Just about anybody with a laptop Now that we know about WiFi, who are the likely users of WiFi services?

Latest invention in wifi  Wifi signals to electricity  IEEE

Wifi signals to electricity Air Energy: Able to produce electricity from wireless Internet connection.Most useful inventions for people living in mega polises

802.11/ Fi

CONCLUSION Wireless Fidelity is common now. We are expecting more on this technology in future. Let’s hope for that ….

REFERENCE  "WiMAX™ operators and vendors from around the world announce new deployments, growing commitment at the 2nd Annual WiMAX Forum® Global Congress "WiMAX™ operators and vendors from around the world announce new deployments, growing commitment at the 2nd Annual WiMAX Forum® Global Congress  wireless-fidelity-new/ wireless-fidelity-new/  