Map Link: Central Asia in the Modern Day:

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Presentation transcript:

Map Link: Central Asia in the Modern Day: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/6/68/Map_of_Central_Asia.png/ 800px-Map_of_Central_Asia.png> Map Link: Central Asian Trade Routes: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/ 3e/Central_Asian_trade_routes.jpg>

Diverse Area united by Islam Rivers: Syr Darya, Amu Darya, Zeravshan Agriculture and commerce Settled peoples and nomads

1405 Death of Timur. Civil war follows 1405-20 Shah Rukh conquers much of Timurid lands Black Sheep (Qara-Quyunlu) Turkmen confederation of Tabriz, Azerbaijan White Sheep (Aq-Quyunlu) Turkmen of eastern Asia Minor

Herat (Shah Rukh) Samarqand (Ulugh Bey)

Shah Rukh as Islamic monarch Ulugh Bey as Mongol ruler Herat and environs – literature and manuscript arts Transoxiana – architecture and science

1447 Death of Shah Rukh. Civil war follows 1449 Death of Ulugh Bey 1467 White Sheep Turkmen defeat Black Sheep and start expanding territory to east 1470-1506 Reign of Husayn Bayqara at Herat

End 15th c. Uzbeks arrive on eastern frontier of Transoxiana Uzbek Khan (r. 1313-41) 1501 Muhammad Shaybani unites Uzbeks and takes Transoxiana and most of Khorasan 1510 Safavids defeat Uzbeks at Merv and, in alliance with Babur, at Samarqand 1512 Babur flees Samarqand

Kazakhs (“freebooters”) Syr Darya

1582 ‘Abd Allah Khan unites Uzbeks. Start of Shaybanid Period (1582-98) 1588 Uzbeks take Khorasan. Subsequent campaigns into Tarim Basin and Kazakh Steppe 1598-1740 Astrakhanid Period

Early 17th c. Split Astrakhanid Khanate Late 17th c. Khanate unified Independence of local rulers Losses to external enemies Decline of commerce

Role of Sufi orders, incl. Naqshbandis Baha’ al-Din Naqshband of Bukhara (d. 1389) “Silent dhikr” khwajas (Sufi masters)

Spread through Transoxiana, to Uzbeks, Tarim Basin, Uighurs of W. China, Hui of Central and E. China Divisive at times; e.g. Gedimu (old) vs. Khufiya (concealed/secret) in China Tensions with Chinese