Chapter 3: States of Matter 3. 1 Solids, Liquids and Gasses

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List the states of matter you see in this image

Describing States of Matter States of Matter (s.o.m.) are classified based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable They are clues to how the particles within the material are arranged.

Solids Def: s.o.m in which materials have a definite shape and definite volume The atoms are packed close together in an orderly arrangement

Liquids Has the same shape as its container and can be poured into another container Def: s.o.m. in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape The atoms are close but their arrangement is more random than a solids.

Gases Def: s.o.m in which a material has no definite volume or shape Gases take the shape of their container The atoms are arranged randomly and there is space between them

Plasma Def: s.o.m in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons Think of it as a gas containing nuclei and electrons Makes up 99% of the universe Exists at very high temperatures (10,000,000C)

BEC(Bose Einstein Condesate) Discovered in 1995 It exists at a temperature of absolute zero (when all movement of atoms is stopped) This does not exist anywhere in nature. Outer space is 3 degrees above absolute zero It is when a group of atoms behave as though they are a single particle

Kinetic Theory Kinetic energy: energy an object has due to its motion The faster something moves the more KE it has This will help explain why copper is a solid, mercury is a liquid and helium is a gas. The theory states that all matter is in constant motion.

What has more KE: baseball moving at 80mph or a baseball moving at 78 mph?

Behavior of Gases Particles in a gas are never at rest The average gas particle is moving at 1600 km/h Each moves in a straight line until it collides with another particle or the wall of its container Kinetic Theory of Gases states: –Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion –The particles are unaffected by each other, unless they collide –The forces of attraction can be ignored because there is so much space between the particles.

How are these images similar?

Behavior of liquids Particles are more closely packed therefore the force of attraction is applicable (like student in a crowded hallway) Liquids take the shape of their container because they can flow to new locations The volume is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles together

Behavior of solids Solids have a def. Volume and shape because the particle vibrate about a fixed position There is a strong force of attraction Ex: people in a movie theater

Review: What are the 5 states of matter? Explain the behavior of gases. How is the behavior of liquids different from the behavior of solids?