1 Desktop Publishing

2 White Space as a design tool n surrounding pages n between columns n within and around headlines n between lines and paragraphs n between letters and words n around subheads

3 Sides of Pages n typically margin defaults are set too large but allow space for: n binding n folding n hole punches

4 Side gutter n You can make the left margin wider by altering the left gutter n In Microsoft Publisher Choose Layout, Layout Guides

5 Top and bottom of each page n set headers and footers n against edge of page n against adjacent text columns n In Microsoft Publisher Position headers and footers on Background pages (Choose Page, Go to Background or use Ctrl+M shortcut). Choose Layout, Layout Guides to determine the placement of text frames.

6 Hanging paragraphs n use a band of white space down the left to overhang headings n align text under graphic objects

7 Paragraphs n Options: n first line indents n extra space between paragraphs n To get Microsoft Publisher to control indents Choose Format, Indents & Lists. When the Indents and Lists dialog box appears, enter the desired indent in the First Line box by clicking the up/down arrows or by entering the measurement you want.

8 Adding space between paragraphs n do not press enter twice as this adds too much space n To adjust spaces between paragraphs in Microsoft Publisher Choose Format, Line Spacing. In the Line Spacing dialog box, select indents and Spacing. Enter a desired measurement in the After box or click the up/down arrows

9 Avoid rivers of white space n avoid two spaces between sentences n ‘holes’ in text n ‘holes’ on consecutive lines can create ‘rivers’ of white space n hint: you can use search and replace to get rid of two spaces and replace with one This is important

10 Multi-columns n used for economy, ease of reading and design flexibility n make it easy to incorporate a variety of different-sized visuals into your pages n columns should be wide enough to accommodate approximately 40 characters in the font you are using n columns do not need to be central

11 Spacing between columns n too narrow and readers ‘jump the gap’ n too wide and page unity is destroyed by vertical bands of white space between columns n small type can have closely spaced columns n justified text usually need more column space that flush left/ragged right

12 Vertical downrules n Factors which may indicating downrules are needed: n gutters between columns are very small n larger type size of text in columns n justified columns n text should be easy to read n avoid using 3 or more different line widths on a page

13 Tools for consistency - borders n boxed borders around a page give a conservative or “classic” image n in many cases, side borders are not needed - especially if text is justified n good borders reinforce either the text or white space of the page n different width horizontal rules can be used to emphasize text and white space

14 Tools for consistency - Grids n grids provide uniformity, pulling everything together n a master page with a grid shows elements which are repeated on each page n grids show layout of columns (which may contain text or white space on the page) n by varying placement of text and graphic elements on the grid you can enjoy flexibility without chaos

15 Tools for consistency - Spreads n spreads - readers see several pages at once, aim to balance the design on the pages n headers and footers on adjoining pages should match and text columns should align n always preview your document as several pages before printing

16 Tools for consistency - Templates n templates are read-only files which you can use again as the basis for a new document n save your files as templates to save you time

17 Readers cues and momentum devices n pull quotes, side heads and run-ins can be used to attract readers attention n pull quotes can be enhanced by graphic accents, shaded backgrounds and oversized quotation marks n side heads and run-ins are subhead variations

18 “Pull quotes” n should be short and to the point n should not detract from the heading n pull quotes should match headline and subhead typography (use condensed or light version of a font) n pull quotes between columns of ragged right text should be avoided n pull quotes should be used within rather than between columns of text n use borders, etc to enhance pull quotes

19 How to produce a pull quote nInIn Microsoft Publisher Create a text box and then Choose Format, Borders. When the Borders dialog box appears, click on Box if you want to surround your pull quotes with a four-sided box, or you can place a border along the top, bottom, and/or left and right sides of your pull quote. The border moves with the text frame. You can also adjust the Fills by selecting Fills instead of Borders

20 Side heads n side heads are placed in white space adjacent to text n you can align side heads flush left/ragged right or flush right (flush right allows the heading to be visually locked to the text)

21 Run-ins n can be used for level 3 subheads n created by placing the introductory phrase or first sentence in either Bold or Bold Italic n look at the xheight to avoid the run-in overwhelming the adjacent text

22 Conclusion n in this session you have seen n how the use of white space can enhance your document n how consistency can improve the overall appearance of your document n how to use pull quotes as readers cues