Human Geography of Europe: Diversity, Conflict, Union Chapter 13 Section 1, 2, 3 & 4

Section 1: Part A Mediterranean Europe 1. Birthplace of democracy; Greek science, philosophy, drama, & art helped shape modern culture 2. Its republican government serves as a model; the spread of Christianity was promoted by the empire’s roads 3. Birthplace of the Renaissance; promoted trade with Southwest Asia 4. Established an empire that promoted the spread of Christianity & the Spanish language

Part B. 1. Distinct minority and language group that wants independence from Spain 2. has created housing shortages, pollution, traffic jams

Section 2 Part A: Western Europe 1. Both French and Germanic languages are spoken 2. France is mostly catholic; the Netherlands, Switzerland, & Germany contain both Catholics & Protestants 3. nations have become rivals 4. Both the Holocaust & the Berlin Wall divided Europe in the recent past

Part B 1. Exports dairy products; produces agricultural products; has major manufacturing industries, high- tech & service industries, banking 2. home to musical geniuses such as Bach, Beethoven, Mozart; home to important painters such as Van Eyck, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Monet, Cezanne, Gaugin 3. high standard of living, pleasant cities, people socialize in public places 4. ethnic/racist tensions.

Section 3 part A: Northern Europe 1. Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden 2. United Kingdom, Ireland 3. The Sami & other migrating people 4. Celtic, then Roman, then Germanic 5. No Nordic country ever became a major empire 6. British Empire, which strongly affected the rest of the world. 7. Germanic & Sami language; Protestant 8. Celtic languages and English; Protestant, but Catholic in Ireland

9. Henrik Ibsen, Ingmar Bergman 10. William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Charlotte Bronte, James Joyce 11. child-care allowances and national health insurance 12. national health insurance 13. smorgasbord; sauna; winter sports such as cross-country skiing and ski jumping 14. tea time; horse riding, horse jumping, fox hunting; rugby, cricket

Part B 1. a representative lawmaking body, whose members are elected or appointed 2. began in Britain, in part because of iron & coal deposits; motivated empire building 3. section between Glasgow and Edinburgh, so-called because it has so many high-tech companies 4. common currency of the European Union

Section 4 Part A: Eastern Europe 1. People moving between Asia & Europe have tried to control the region since ancient times. 2. The region, or parts of the region, have been alternately under the rule of the Romans, the Ottomans, the Magyars (Hungary only), & the Austrians. 3. Each separate group has wanted to establish its own separate unit, hostile to other units 4. Four decades of domination have led to instability after the collapse of Communism.

Part B 1. Fall of communism has meant a return to ethnic loyalties and civil war in Serbia 2. Many languages are spoken, some of which have no relationship to surrounding languages. 3. Some nations are Islamic, others are Eastern Orthodox, and some have Jewish or Protestant minorities. 4. Eastern European minority groups, including Jews and Gypsies, have often faced discrimination.