What is “Incomplete Plosion”? 什么是“非完全爆破”？ 宁波工程学院外国语学院 周玉华

Introduction of this class Procedures Teaching Contents Warming-up A clip from “The wheels on the bus” Topic Incomplete plosion Assignment Read the passage “Fast food” on page 20.

Warming-up too, too, toot The horn on the bus goes , , All through the town. too, too, toot

The horn on the bus goes toot, toot, toot, toot, toot, toot, toot, toot, toot, All through the town.

Incomplete Plosion When the release stage of a plosive sound（爆破音）is missing or delayed, it is known as incomplete plosion. /ht/--plosive /t/--incomplete plosive For example: Sit down, fast food, cupboard, textbook.

Incomplete Plosion Incomplete plosion takes place in a word when a plosive（爆破音） is followed immediately by another plosive, or a fricative（摩擦音）, or an affricate（破擦音）. Plosives: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/. Fricatives: /f/, /v/, /Ɵ/,/ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/. Affricates: /ʧ/, /ʤ/

For example Plosive + Plosive Basketball, goodbye, logbook, A good girl, a big potato, stop talking, What a bad boy! Tongue twister: A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

For example 2. Plosive + Fricative bestseller, needful, a red skirt, a top student, I like pop songs. Tongue twister: There was a fisherman named Fisher who fished for some fish in a fissure.

For example 3. Plosive + Affricate A big chance, a good job, ripe cherries, He has bought a black jeep.

Reading practice Fast-food restaurants are very popular. Fast service is important in the United States. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Fast-food restaurants are very popular. Fast service is important in the United States. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night.

Assignment Fast food Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than the quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a company’s restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same. If they eat in New York or London, it will still be the same. Fast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night.