Photo Credit Goes Here Innovation Laboratory for Small Scale Irrigation – SUA & IWMI USAID mission 30th of July 2016

INNOVATION LABORATORY FOR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION (ILSSI) ILSSI is a cooperative research project aiming to increase food production, improve nutrition, protect the environment and accelerate economic development through improved access to irrigation technologies for smallholder farmers, while promoting, based on research evidence, a dialogue among stakeholder communities and policy makers.

OBJECTIVES IN 3 COUNTRIES 1.Evaluate technologies from a socio- economic, gender, agronomic, technical and environmental point of view (multi-disciplinary) at household level 2.Ground and surface water related interventions: -Irrigation water lifting technologies for high value crops (including fodder) -Improving water management for high value crops -Ways to increase infiltration/shallow groundwater (Ethiopia)

3.Sustainability from field to watershed scale (monitoring => modeling IDSS) IDSS= Integrated Decision Support System Opportunity and sustainability at watershed scale assessment SWAT Agronomic-environmental assessment at field level APEX Socio-economic & nutrition impact at farm level FARMSIM

Evaluation of interventions from a technical, socio-economic and gender perspective embedded in an sustainable environmental framework to understand adoption/disadoption a technical, socio-economic and gender perspective embedded in an sustainable environmental framework to understand adoption/disadoption Evaluation of interventions from a technical, socio-economic and gender perspective embedded in an sustainable environmental framework to understand adoption/disadoption a technical, socio-economic and gender perspective embedded in an sustainable environmental framework to understand adoption/disadoption PARTNERS INVOLVED Texas A&M Overall project management and IDSS modeling suite NCAT SUA, BDU and UDS Kitchen gardens IWMI BDU, SUA and UDS Irrigation and watershed management ILRI Gov. Research org. Fodder interventions IFPRI Monitoring and evaluation (impact on nutrion/economy and food security)

COMPONENTS OF ILSSI Stakeholder engagement Field interventions IDSS modeling suite Capacity building

IMPLEMENTATION SITES

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY & GENDER EQUITY ACROSS SCALES: Irrigation & water resources availability Irrigation technology identification at community/hh. level Field testing of technologies with farmers Household constraints and opportunities Stakeholder engagement: on farm water management training Evidence based (field generated, including gender) hhs surveys: labor, economic, gender and nutrition impact Stakeholder based scenario development for APEX & FARMSIM modeling Stakeholder engagment: demand driven selection of technologies across scales Watershed monitoring (surface-groundwater) SWAT modeling Zoom in Zoom out Stakeholder engagement: farmer selection of technologies Field experiments (nat. research inst.) Biophysical & socio- economic data Capacity building of farmers & research institutes Credit uptake and revolving fund Stakeholder engagement: opportunities and constraints scenarios Integrated IDSS modeling of opportunities and constraints at watershed and national level

 30 year rainfall average ( mm)  Average groundwater recharge: mm  Surface runoff: mm => How to develop sustainable irrigation taking into account crop water demand ( mm) for vegetables during the dry season WATER RESOURCES: EXAMPLE OF RUDEWA - KILOSA

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY & GENDER EQUITY ACROSS SCALES: Irrigation & water resources availability Irrigation technology identification at community/hh. level Field testing of technologies with farmers Household constraints and opportunities Stakeholder engagement: on farm water management training Evidence based (field generated, including gender) hhs surveys: labor, economic, gender and nutrition impact Stakeholder based scenario development for APEX & FARMSIM modeling Stakeholder engagment: demand driven selection of technologies across scales Watershed monitoring (surface-groundwater) SWAT modeling Zoom in Zoom out Stakeholder engagement: farmer selection of technologies Field experiments (nat. research inst.) Biophysical & socio- economic data Capacity building of farmers & research institutes Credit uptake and revolving fund Stakeholder engagement: opportunities and constraints scenarios Integrated IDSS modeling of opportunities and constraints at watershed and national level

MAIN ACTIVITIES Motorized water lifting devices (petrol pump) Gender (female & male irrigators) Irrigation management (Farmers practice, soil moisture based, CWR (ET), Drip & conservation agriculture - NCAT) Crops (egg plant, tomato & fodder) Nutrition (pocket gardens) Credit constraints and opportunities (survey & interviews, revolving fund)

IRRIGATION SCHEDULING

Capacity Building on: –Financial Literacy of farmers and financial institutions; –Access to loans for irrigation technologies (revolving fund); –Assessment of financial institutions’ lending capacity for irrigation technology Potential and limitations of PPP for irrigation Photo: Abby Waldorf. SSI AND FINANCING

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY & GENDER EQUITY ACROSS SCALES: Irrigation & water resources availability Irrigation technology identification at community/hh. level Field testing of technologies with farmers Household constraints and opportunities Stakeholder engagement: on farm water management training Evidence based (field generated, including gender) hhs surveys: labor, economic, gender and nutrition impact Stakeholder based scenario development for APEX & FARMSIM modeling Stakeholder engagment: demand driven selection of technologies across scales Watershed monitoring (surface-groundwater) SWAT modeling Zoom in Zoom out Stakeholder engagement: farmer selection of technologies Field experiments (nat. research inst.) Biophysical & socio- economic data Capacity building of farmers & research institutes Credit uptake and revolving fund Stakeholder engagement: opportunities and constraints scenarios Integrated IDSS modeling of opportunities and constraints at watershed and national level

POCKET GARDENS TO IMPROVE NUTRITION 10 Female farmers trained: construction & management Crop: Chinese vegetables Irrigation: 20 litre/ day (2-3 times/ week) Yield: one bag gives a total gross benefits of $ per season => Farmers are enthusiastic and increase the number of pocket gardens on their own

SMALL MOTORIZED PUMP IRRIGATION Participatory cost analysis of small motorized pumps Cultivation of egg plants is profitable For 0.5 acre (Tsh.)Egg plantMaize CostLabor 327,000223,000 Seed22,5007,500 Pesticide5,0000 Fertilizer1,50055,000 Fuel (irrigation)150,00080,000 IncomeYield900,000600,000 Profit394,000234,500 Difficult to grow vegetables during the wet season due to increased crop pets, diseases and water logging

PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: FODDER MARKETING

PRODUCTIVITY OF IRRIGATED FODDER (ETHIOPIA EXAMPLE)

NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) Alt1: rainfed rice + vegetables Alt2: maize + vegetables + SRI1 Alt3: maize + vegetables + SRI2

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY & GENDER EQUITY ACROSS SCALES: Irrigation & water resources availability Irrigation technology identification at community/hh. level Field testing of technologies with farmers Household constraints and opportunities Stakeholder engagement: on farm water management training Evidence based (field generated, including gender) hhs surveys: labor, economic, gender and nutrition impact Stakeholder based scenario development for APEX & FARMSIM modeling Stakeholder engagment: demand driven selection of technologies across scales Watershed monitoring (surface-groundwater) SWAT modeling Zoom in Zoom out Stakeholder engagement: farmer selection of technologies Field experiments (nat. research inst.) Biophysical & socio- economic data Capacity building of farmers & research institutes Credit uptake and revolving fund Stakeholder engagement: opportunities and constraints scenarios Integrated IDSS modeling of opportunities and constraints at watershed and national level

KEY LESSONS Farmers are enthusiastic to learn from the project Some farmers take a risk of growing vegetables during the rain seasons in anticipation of better crop prices (during wet season very few engage in vegetable production and majoring engage in normal seasonal crops (rice in lowlands, maize in uplands) Farmers should receive adequate training on how to operate, repair and maintain the water lifting and water use technologies Develop and proactively enforce policies, regulations and by-laws to protect water use structures Farmers must have access to credit tailored to their conditions; the local government must revise strategic means of availing financial resources to invest in water lifting and water use technologies Strengthening the local water governance institutions such as WUAs is important for sustainable up-scaling