Câncer de Próstata Paulo Guilherme de Oliveira Salles, MD, MBA, PhD.

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Presentation transcript:

Câncer de Próstata Paulo Guilherme de Oliveira Salles, MD, MBA, PhD

Declaração* Ausência de conflitos de interesse. *Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada da ANVISA – RDC no. 96/08

Papel do Patologista Envolva o patologista no cuidado do paciente! O seu paciente é paciente do patologista também! Quanto mais clara e específica for a comunicação entre você e seu patologista, mais tempo e recursos serão economizados para vocês, para o paciente e para os sistemas de saúde.

5.018 Prostatectomias Radicais Característica Pacientes não-SUS Pacientes SUS Idade (média)62,7964,27 PSA (ng/mL) (média)6,639,84 Escore de Gleason da biopsia (%) Gleason 662,961,8 Gleason 732,427,1 Escore de Gleason da peça cirúrgica (%) Gleason 755,563,4 Invasão vascular (%)2,97,9 Margem de ressecção comprometida (%)31,550,2 Extensão extraprostática presente (%)22,237,1 Vesículas seminais acometidas (%) 6,714,3 Estadiamento patológico pT3 (%)22,539,3

Pelvic lymph-node dissection in radical prostatectomy: a study of cases Froede AG, Menezes LM, Cabral WLR, Moreira RCL, Portela AR, Salles PGO (Eur J Surg Oncol 2015) PLND was performed in 3815 patients (91%) In 73 cases was PLND referred to as “extended”. Number of LNs dissected ranged from 1 to 27 (2.95 ± 2.71). In 313 cases of PLND, no LNs were identified, in spite of the use of LN-revealing solution. Metastases were found in <1% of the cases; in these patients mean PSA was ng/mL (3.97–157.0 ng/mL), and Gleason scores ranged from 6 to 9.

Gleason 1 Gleason 5 Escore de Gleason

REPORTING OF GLEASON SCORE PROGNOSTIC GRADE GROUPS REPORTING OF GLEASON SCORE PROGNOSTIC GRADE GROUPS Gleason score ≤ 6Prognostic Grade Group I Gleason score = 7Prognostic Grade Group II Gleason score = 7Prognostic Grade Group III Gleason score 8Prognostic Grade Group IV Gleason score 9-10Prognostic Grade Group V

Invasão perineural Primeiras descrições: Cruveilheir (1835), Neumann (1862); Harper (1979). Na bx prostática, é definida pela presença de glândulas neoplásicas circundando inteiramente um nervo. Invasão perineural, fibroplasia mucinosa e glomerulações: únicos achados morfológicos característicos de Ca P

N

Ayala, 2001; Liebig, 2009

Invasão perineural Rota de disseminação do tumor para o espaço extraprostático (menor resistência). Freqüência média: –75% nas peças de PR –25% nas bxs de próstata

Invasão perineural Há correlação entre a presença de invasão perineural e de escores de Gleason mais elevados, sugerindo que a invasão perineural poderia predizer uma doença de alto risco oculta em pacientes entendidos como de baixo risco.

Invasão Linfovascular

Lee at al (2016 – n= 1.210) Is lymphovascular invasion a powerful predictor for biochemical recurrence in pT3 N0 prostate cancer? Arai et al (2015 – n= 1.268) Lymphovascular invasion is significantly associated with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy even in patients with pT2N0 negative resection margin.

Margens Cirúrgicas

MC(-)/EPE(-) MC(+)/EPE(?) MC(+)/EPE(+) MC(-)/EPE(+) MC(-)/EPE(-)/VS(+) PEÇA CIRÚRGICA – PR

Margens Cirúrgicas A presença e extensão das margens cirúrgicas comprometidas constituem um fator de risco independente para a recorrência locorregional da doença e para a mortalidade relacionada ao adenocarcinoma da próstata. Apresentam ainda clara correspondência com a recidiva bioquímica e com a necessidade de tratamento adjuvante.

Marcadores Moleculares Jenster, EUA Prostate Cancer Molecular Panel, 2015

Marcadores Moleculares Technology developments, particularly in next generation sequencing, drive biomarker research and create new possibilities to detect more factors in limited amounts of patient sample. For example, changes in cell-free DNA and RNA from extracellular vesicles extracted from urine and blood will become important future personalized diagnostic and monitoring markers.

Marcadores Moleculares A proportion of the new generation prognostic, predictive and imaging (PET/SPECT) markers will be based on our increasing understanding of PCa biology and therapy resistance. Due to the high variability among tumors, sensitive markers will not consist of a single factor, but will be a panel of parameters.

Marcadores Moleculares Although many novel candidate markers have been discovered, their validation and implementation fall behind. The need for well-annotated biorepositories for marker validation is high. Importantly, researchers, clinicians, funding agencies, health insurance companies and private partners should invest more in assessing promising markers in retrospective tissue banks and in daily routine. (EUA Prostate Cancer Molecular Expert Panel, 2015)

Segunda Opinião 855 casos - 13% a 52% de discrepância

Segunda Opinião 920 casos – 43,5% dos casos alterados

Segunda Opinião casos – 25,2% dos casos alterados

Segunda Opinião Rever 538 casos: U$ Seis PRs: U$85.000

Segunda Opinião 87 % dos casos – segunda opinião 68% dos casos – imuno-histoquímica

MAIS SEGURANÇA MAIS QUALIDADE MAIS BARATO MAIS EFETIVO MAIS RÁPIDO Segunda Opinião

Grand Round (Marc Beishon, World Cancer, 2014)

Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa Instituto Mário Penna Recrutamento Protocolos de Pesquisa Clínica UROLOGIA Câncer de Bexiga Avançado Câncer de Próstata Avançado