DO NOW Have you ed me yet? If you have, God bless you. 1. What is the difference between the two sentences?  A. Somebody needs to clean the room.  B. The room needs to be cleaned. 2. Change the following sentences into different form of verb tense. “I take pictures of my friends.” A. Present progressive B. Past C. Present Perfect D. Future

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES The chair is being made by the carpenter.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood. (b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter. same meaning

by + O 10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (c) Carol sold the house. (d) The house was sold by Carol. S O ACTIVE: PASSIVE: S object of active subject of passive subject of active object of by

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE Cars are driven by people.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) Cars are driven by people. (b) The award was given by the boss. (c) The book will be published by Pearson.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT People drive cars. Cars are driven by people. SIMPLE PAST The new job thrilled Tim. Tim was thrilled by the new job.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE The boys are eating the cookies. The cookies are being eaten by the boys. PAST PROGRESSIVE Jamal was washing the dishes. The dishes were being washed by Jamal.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al. FUTURE Talya will make the announcement. The announcement will be made by Talya.

The nuts were gathered by the squirrel. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE The squirrel gathered the nuts.

The wall was painted by Matthew. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE Matthew painted the wall.

The election results will be determined by the voters. 10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE The voters will determine the election results.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS Erica sneezed.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (a -c) TRANSITIVE (d-f) INTRANSITIVE Janet earned the promotion. They saw the accident. S V O A problem occurred. They arrived late. S V TRANSITIVE verb + object INTRANSITIVE verb + object

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (i) ACTIVE: Birds fly. (j) PASSIVE: (Not possible) (g) ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion. (h) PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet. (k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly. T RANSITIVE V ERBS I NTRANSITIVE V ERBS

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive It rained yesterday. ?

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive Eva won a medal. PASSIVE: _______________________ A medal was won by Eva. ?

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE transitive intransitive Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. PASSIVE: _______________________The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. _______________________ ?

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE This painting was done by my mother.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (a) This desk was made by Manuel. by phrase important information

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE (b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is eaten in many places. (d) That apartment was built in (e) Spanish is spoken in many countries. usually NO by-phrase

focus my mother 10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE ACTIVE (f) My mother is a great artist. She painted many beautiful portraits. PASSIVE (g) This painting was done by my mother. That one was done by her friend. by-phrase focus on subjects

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE Many students use computers. Computers are used by many students.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE PASSIVE Tina taught me how to knit. I was taught to knit by Tina.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will you.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin. Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin. Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin. Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin. ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES FORM: modal + be + past participle

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE ACTIVE MODALS PASSIVE MODALS Someone must mow the grass today. This grass __________________. must be mowed today

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE You should not feed candy to babies. Babies _____________________. should not be fed candy ACTIVE MODALS PASSIVE MODALS

Hurricanes cannot be controlled LET’S PRACTICE __________________________ People cannot control hurricanes. ACTIVE MODALS PASSIVE MODALS

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) Lily is pleased with her life.

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) (a) Lily is brave. (b) Lily is short. (c) Lily is healthy. BE + ADJECTIVE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (d) Lily is divorced. (e) Lily is excited. (f) Lily is pleased. like an adjective

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES (NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE) (g) Lily is divorced from Jack. (h) Lily was happy with her career. (i) Lily will be excited for the trip. past particular participle + prepositions + object

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE married Jenny is __________ Grant.married to

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE Alma is __________ her new laptop. happy with happy

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE Abe is 17. He seems ____________ his age. young for young

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Emma makes pottery. I am interested in making pottery.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (a) I am interested in pottery. INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery. (b) Pottery is interesting. INCORRECT: P ottery is interested. past participle feelings present participle cause of feeling

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING Ben was thrilled with the promotion. (c) Ben was thrilled. (d) The promotion was thrilling. past participle passive meaning present participle cause of feeling

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING (e) I heard some disappointing news. (f) Jill read the shortened version of the book. participial adjectives nouns

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE surprised surprising Gail Gwen Gwen’s news must be __________. Gail looks very __________. surprised surprising

Most people are truly ________ when they first see it LET’S PRACTICE amazed amazing The Great Wall is ________. amazed amazing

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE terrified terrifying Some bugs are scary. This spider is ________! I wonder if it is ________ of anything? terrifying terrified

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE People often get thirsty when they exercise.

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE (a) I am getting thirsty. (b) Fahad got angry at him. GET + ADJECTIVE GET ADJECTIVE change, beginning to be

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE (c) I’m getting worried. (d) My friend and his wife got divorced. GET + PAST PARTICIPLE GET PAST PARTICIPLE like an adjective, describes subject

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE He ___________ while he was working. get + sleep got sleepy

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE He _________________ with his work. get + frustrated is getting frustrated

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE It ________ early this year. get + cold got cold

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO We are used to driving in traffic.

(a) We are used to this city. (object/noun) (b) We are accustomed to this city USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO same meaning

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO (c) We are used to living in this city. (d) We are accustomed to living in this city. to + -ing form (gerund)

(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed to) it USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO beginning to feel normal

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE be used to (affirmative or negative) I always go to the beach. I __________ the sand and sea. am used to

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE I’m confused. I _____________ this new computer. am not used to be used to (affirmative or negative)

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE Maybe I’ll call Eva. She _____________ this type of computer. is used to be used to (affirmative or negative)

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian.

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (a) He used to eat meat, but now he is a vegetarian. INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat. INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat. habitual past used to + simple form of verb

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO (b) He is used to eating meat. be used to + -ing form of verb (gerund)

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE be Ø When I was young, I often went skiing. I ____ used to skiing back then. was

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE I _____ used to like skiing, but now I prefer snowboarding. Ø be Ø

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE Now, I ____ used to snowboarding. am be Ø

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (a) The flight is supposed to leave in 10 minutes. (b) I am supposed to write to Jim. an expectation

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO (c) The flight was supposed to leave at 4:30. expected event didn’t occur

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expect to get today. I ______________ get today. am supposed to

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE They were expected to arrive on May 4, but they came on May 6. They _______________ arrive on May 6. were supposed to be supposed to

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE be supposed to I expected you to call me at noon! You ______ ___________ call me at noon! were supposed to