English Civil War

I. English Civil War A.Charles I Clashes With Parliament

– Charles I becomes king of England 2.Charles is constantly asking Parliament for money a.Charles is always at war with France and Spain

A. Charles I Clashes With Parliament 3.Parliament forces Charles to sign the “Petition of Right” in 1625 a.He would not imprison subjects without due cause b.He would not levy taxes with Parliament’s consent c.He would not house soldiers in private homes d.He would not impose martial law in peacetime

A. Charles I Clashes With Parliament 4.After signing the petition, Charles ignored it a. Even so, the document is important b. Proves that the law is higher than the king c.Goes against the idea of an absolute monarchy

A. Charles I Clashes With Parliament 5.Charles dissolves the Parliament and levies heavy taxes and fines in order to finance his wars with Spain and France

I. English Civil War A.Charles I Clashes With Parliament B.English Civil War

1.First mistake: Charles tries to run religion a.Charles tries to get the Scots, Catholics, to accept an Anglican prayer book b.When they refuse and arm themselves, Charles calls out the army c.But the army needs money, Charles has no money

B. English Civil War 2.Second Mistake: Charles recalls Parliament a.Parliament sees this opportunity and passes laws that limit the king’s power b.Charles, furious, tries to have Parliament arrested c.Parliament escapes and a huge mob of Londoners raid the palace d.Charles escapes and assembles an army of those who are loyal to him (Called Royalists or Cavaliers)

B. English Civil War 3.Charles is toppled a.The Roundheads and the Cavaliers b.Royal Army is led by nobles and only nobles advance, regardless of ability c.The New Model Army advances leaders on merit and ability d.The New Model Army also has a brilliant leader in Oliver Cromwell e.Charles I is captured in battle, tried, and executed

English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell

B. English Civil War 4.Cromwell’s rule a.Cromwell becomes the dictator in 1649 b.Cromwell abolishes the House of Lords and the monarchy c.Cromwell puts down a revolt in Ireland d.Begins to reform English society along Puritan lines

I. English Civil War A.Charles I Clashes With Parliament B.English Civil War C.Restoration

1.In 1658 Cromwell died a.His son wasn’t a very effective ruler and in 1659, Parliament decided to invite Charles II to come back to England to rule b.Parliament passed the important guarantee of freedom called habeas corpus

habeas corpus i.Gave every prisoner the right to get a written document that tells the why the prisoner is being held and also to have a judge decide whether he or she should be held or set free

C. Restoration c.Charles II had no children and when he died his brother James took over i.James was disliked because he was very Catholic and disregarded English law ii.James had an older sister named Mary who was the wife of a Dutch Prince (William of Orange) iii.Parliament invited William and Mary to come to England to overthrow James

James II

William and Mary

C. Restoration c.Charles II had no children and when he died his brother James took over iv.When William and Mary’s army arrive in London, James flees to France and there is a bloodless overthrow of the King v.This overthrow is called the “Bloodless Revolution” or “Glorious Revolution”

I. English Civil War A.Charles I Clashes With Parliament B.English Civil War C.Restoration D.Political Changes

1.William and Mary are popular rulers 2.They pledge to rule the land according to the laws set forth by Parliament 3.In doing so they become a “constitutional monarchy” wherein there are laws that limit the ruler’s power

D. Political Changes 4.Parliament even passes a Bill of Rights a.No suspending of Parliament’s laws b.No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament c.No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament d.No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king with a grievance

English Bill of Rights No taxes without consent. Free Speech no standing army Right to arms (limited) right to vote