HAZARDOUS WASTE: CHALLENGE & INITIATIVES BY: PRIYESH BHATTI DIRECTOR, GEPIL

HAZARDOUS WASTE “Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger to health or environment. Waste Industrial Waste Hazardous Waste SSIncinerable SLF Non Hazardous Waste Municipal Waste Bio- medical Waste E- Waste

HAZARDOUS WASTE RULES 1989 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)Rules, Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2016

4 LEGAL NEED IS SAFE MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE  Recycling / Sale for Reuse  Treatment & Disposal

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Hazardous Waste Having Organic Content Disposal Through Incineration Hazardous Waste Having In-organic Content Disposal Through Landfill Hazardous Waste Heavy Metal Content SS

HAZARDOUS WASTE INVENTORY OF INDIA –GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION States with no TSDF Major Waste Generating States 22% 23% 5% 14% Hazardous Waste QTY (TPA) Incinerable4,15,792 Landfillable27,28,326 Recyclable30,88,387 Total62,35,505 Source: CPCB National Inventory of Feb- 2009

CAPTIVE AND COMMON FACILITY

BUSINESS MODEL AND PRICE MECHANISM OF COMMON FACILITY Business Models DBOOBOOTBOOBOTPPP Pricing Mechanism Polluter Pays Principle Subsidies from Government of India 25% of Project cost with sealing limit of 12.5 Crore from Central Government 25% of project cost from State Government

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Sr. No Hazardous Waste Available QTY Potential Environmental Threat 1Organic Incinerable Waste 20%80% 2Inorganic Landfillable waste 80%20%

ISSUES RELATED TO INCINERABLE HAZARDOUS WASTE  Most Toxic  Large Generation  Inadequate Treatment and Disposal Infrastructure  High Cost of Incineration  High Impact on Environment

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES  Improper and Incomplete Management of Hazardous Waste after 27 years of Rules being Implemented

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES  Partial Enforcement  Clarity in Identification of Hazardous Waste  Lack of Policy on Non-Hazardous Waste  Long Term Liability Issue  Illegal Dumping of Hazardous Waste  Safety Issues in Handling of Hazardous Waste

INITIATIVES

PRE-PROCESSING & CO-PROCESSING OF ORGANIC HAZARDOUS WASTE

Co-processing Is Utilization of Wastes Materials in Cement Production

CO-PROCESSING BENEFITS “Recycling/Reuse/Utilization” is Environmentally/ Economically better than “Treatment and Disposal”

CO-PROCESSING BENEFITS  Avoid Land Disposal  Avoid Investment on Developing Landfill  Avoid Long term liability on wastes and associated problems  No Waste is generated that requires subsequent processing  Favorable process conditions in cement kiln ensure complete  Destruction and absorption of gases, Uniform temperature range > 1400oC  Residence time > 6 secs, Alkaline conditions facilitate neutralization  Conversion of waste into energy/Alternate Fuel

DIRECT CO-PROCESSING v/s PREPROCESSING - CO-PROCESSING  Direct Co-processing is utilization of waste as it is; in its original form.  Conversion of waste in useful form and then its utilization.

DIRECT CO-PROCCESSING LIMITATION  Large number of wastes are directly not suitable due to its physical and chemical characteristics limitation.  Large variation in physical and chemical characteristics of waste leading to difficulties in - Unloading - Storage - Feeding - Process Disturbance - Product Quality Disturbance - Emission Disturbance - Legal Non Compliance - Safety Issues - Need High Investment

Pre-processing Facility (PPF) is a “Preparatory” or Pretreatment Unit” For Final Treatment called “ Co-Processing”

NEED OF PRE-PROCESSING FACILITY  Most wastes are not suitable for direct utilization in cement kiln.  Cement plants need consistent supply of uniform quality of “Wastes Materials” as fuel.  Ensures consistent waste quality, consistent emission, uniform operation.  Technical and Safety considerations.  Procedural matters.

PRE-PROCESSING Waste Generator Wastes GEPIL AFRF Cement Cos. Alternative Fuel Alternative Resources Bridge between Wastes Generators and Cement company AFRF: Alternate Fuel and Resource Facility

AFRF/ PRE-PROCESSING : GENESIS Input Output Large Nos. of Hazardous Waste Uniform Quality Alternate Fuel

Liquid Liquid + Liquid Blending Liquid Mix Liquid + Semi Solid Blending Liquid Mix Semi SolidSolid Semi Solid + Solid + Additive Solid Mix Solid + Solid + Additive Solid Mix PRE PROCESSING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS OF PPF  No unit process and chemical reaction  No High Temperature, high pressure operation  Zero Waste Water Discharge facility  Zero emission (only DG when operated)  Zero Residue generation  It generates empty drums/containers and it shall be given to authorized drum recyclers.

ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS OF PPF - Hazardous Waste - Fuel Incineration - Toxic Gases - Ash for Landfill - Raw material - Fuel - Alternate Fuel (AF) Cement Plant - No Toxic Gases - No Ash for Landfill

GEPIL’s EXPERIENCE IN PRE-PROCESSING  Five Operational Pre-processing Facility across India.  Three Facilities are in Project Stage.  Producing 7000 TPM of Alternate Fuel (AF)  Targeting to produce 10,000/- TPM of Alternate Fuel (AF) by October  Closely working with Lafarge, Dalmia and J K Cement, India cement, Zuari and other cement plants.

PRE-PROCESING FACILITY -HARYANA Intermediate Storage Overview of Facility

PRE-PROCESSING FACILITY - DNH Overview of Facility

PRE-PROCESSING FACILITY- PANOLI & RANIPET Plant Building

Solid Processing Area Liquid Processing PREPROCESSING FACILITY

Loading/Unloading AreaLiquid Storage Facility PRE-PROCESSING FACILITY

R&D CENTRE

R & D AND LAB

WASTE HANDLED SECTORSWASTE TYPE Chemical Distillation Residue Process Waste Spent Carbon ETP Sludge Sludges Agro Chemicals Process Residue Distillation Residue Tarry Waste Off Specification Products Drugs and Pharma Spent Organic Solvent Spent Mother Liquor ETP Sludge Textile Chemical Sludge from waste water Distillation Residue

WASTE HANDLED SECTORSWASTE TYPE Petro-chemicals Oily Sludge Used Oil Spent Catalyst Cotton Waste Spent Carbon Oil Soaked Cotton Auto Phosphate Sludge Chemical Sludge Paint Sludge Sealant Waste ETP Sludge Wind and Power Resin Waste Doughy material Process Waste Engineering Cutting Waste Oily Sludge Grinding

GROUP VISION TO PRODUCE AF

Sr. No SiteMarch March March Dec March RSPL Haryana Ranipet DNH Rajasthan Telangana AP Maharashtra Total DETAILING OF A VISION

GEPIL’S APPROACH TO PRE-PROCESSING  Step 1:Pre-Processing of Industrial Hazardous wastes as Alternate Fuels  Step 2:Pre- Processing of Industrial Non Hazardous wastes as Alternate Fuels  Step 3:Pre-Processing of Industrial Hazardous wastes as Raw Materials  Step 4:Pre-Processing of Industrial Non Hazardous as Raw Materials