Management:Defenitions and roles Chapter 1 College of Science and Human Studies at Ghat Female Branch Instructor: FATMA LETAIEF 1 sd Semester 1436/1437

After studying this chapter you should be able to.. 1- Explain the concept of management. 2- Describe the characteristics of management. 3- List the functions and levels of management. 3- Outline the skills of management 4- Explain levels of management 5-Explain the functions of management

5- Concept of management Managing is the art of getting things done through people in formally organized. Management can thus be defined as the art or skill of directing human activities and resources in the predetermined goals. Management is practiced with the help of five basic functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

6-Characteristics of management We have just read about the meaning of management. Now let us discuss its characteristics: (i) Management is a goal directed activity. (ii) This is called co-ordination (iii) This is known as decision making. (iv) Management is an economic-activity. (v) Management is a creative activity.

7-Nature of management: is it the art or science ? We have discussed the various interpretations of the term ‘ Management ’. When a manager performs his functions or takes decisions, the systematized body of knowledge helps him to apply one or more principles or methods in the course of his activities. In this sense management is a science. However, we have to apply our skill and judgment rather than simply use the methods and principles known to him. In this sense, management may be regarded as an art. Therefore, management may be regarded as both a science as well as an art.

8- Management Skills Three basic kinds of skills — technical, human and conceptual are needed for a manager. Technical skill is the ability to use the procedures, techniques, and knowledge of a specialized field. For examples, surgeons, engineers, and accountants all have technical skills in their respective fields. Human skill is the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people as individuals or in groups. Conceptual skill is the ability to coordinate and integrate the organization's goals and activities.

9-levels of management We have already stated how managers jointly perform the various functions. Different managers perform different types of duties. Some managers decide about the objectives of the business as a whole. Some managers perform functions to achieve these objectives in different departments, like production, sales, etc, and some of the managers are concerned with the supervision of day-do- day activities of workers. Managers performing different types of duties may, thus, be divided into three categories: Top-Level Management Middle-Level Management Lower-Level Management

10-functions of management We have already discussed that management is a process. It comprises different stages. These stages in the process are known as the functions of management. Each of these functions are described below: (a)Planning (b) Organizing (c) Staffing (d) Directing (e) Controlling (f)Co-ordination

(a) Planning Planning requires decisions to be made on what should be done, how it should be done, who will do it, where it will be done, and why it is to be done. The essential part of the planning consists of setting goals and programmers of activities. (b) Organizing After plans have been drawn, the management has to organize the activities. Managers determine what activities are necessary to achieve the objectives and how these activities should be divided among the departments and employees. (c) Staffing Staffing is concerned with employing people for the various activities to be performed. The objectives of staffing is to ensure that right type of people have been recruited for different positions. It includes the function of recruitment, selection, and placement of employees.

(d) Directing The directing function of management includes guiding the subordinates, supervising their performance, communicating information and motivating. A manager should be a good leader. (e) Controlling Controlling means measuring the actual performance with the planned one. If differences are noticed, corrective steps are taken which may include revision of plans, improvement in the division of work and providing better guidance. (f) Co-ordination The heads of different departments should not treat each other as competitors but should work as organs of one body.. This function of management is called co-ordination. It consists of harmonizing group effort so as to achieve common objectives.

End of Chapter 1