The Cell

Cell Theory  All things are made up of at least one cell  Cells carry on life processes (RENT…)  Come from “old” cells Exceptions? Where did the 1 st one come from? Viruses aren’t cells

Cells fall into 2 categories 1.Prokaryotic- NO membranes around organelles (nucleus, ect.) ex. Bacteria 2.Eukaryotic- have membranes ex. Animals, plants

Cell Structures  Organelle- a structure inside of a cell that is specialized to do a certain job

Organelles include: 1.Cell wall  Found in plants only  Made of cellulose (poly)  Gives plants shape and structure

2.Cell Membrane (plasma)  Separates cell parts from the outside environment  Controls what enters and exits (Selectively Permeable)  Maintains homeostasis

Look “inside” the membrane

3. Nucleus  Control center of the cell  Surrounded by own membrane  Contains genetic information (DNA)

4. Cytoplasm  Watery material inside of the cell  Chemical reactions take place here

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)  Channels that connect different parts inside of the cell  Transport things

Two Types of ER 1.Rough ER- outside has ribosomes on it 2.Smooth ER- no ribosomes on it

6. Ribosome  Proteins are made here  Found in two places 1. cytoplasm 2. rough ER

7. Golgi Body  Process, package, and store materials  Looks like stack of pancakes

8.Lysosome  Produce digestive enzymes  Break down food (intracellular)

9. Vacuole  Digestion takes place  Combines “fuses” with lysosomes  Sometimes pumps out extra water (contractile)

11. Centrioles  Only found in animal cells  2 pair- 90 degree angles  Help cell divide

12.Mitochondria  Power house  Site of cellular respiration (energy)  Contains folds called cristae  Lots of mitochondria= lots of energy

13. Chloroplast  Contain chlorophyll (green pigment)  Site of photosynthesis

Cell Boundaries Cell Membrane  Made of lipid bilayer(2) with proteins and carbs stuck in it  Sometimes called a fluid mosaic model (moves like water)  Large proteins pump things through membrane

Pass Through Membrane Diffusion  Things move from high to low concentration  Stops when things equal out (equilibrium)  Does not need energy Osmosis  Special type of diffusion with water

Effects of Osmosis 1.Isotonic- same inside and out (equilibrium) 2.Hypertonic- more water inside than out (less solute inside) 3.Hypotonic- less water inside than out (more solute inside)

Active Transport  Things move from low to high (opposite of diffusion)  REQUIRES energy

Organization of Life  (organelles)  Cells  tissues  organs  systems  organism

PRACTICE FINDING THE CELL PARTS  A Typical Animal Cell A Typical Animal Cell