GLOSAS Projects (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. Chairman, GLOSAS/USA Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education V.P. for Technology and Coordination of Global University System (GUS)

Dawn of 21st Century 1. Digitalization Analog to Digital 2. Globalization Local to Global 3. New Economy Obedience to Creativity

Background and Rationale n The Internet, with its rapidly expanding and improving infrastructure, will be the main telecommunication media of tomorrow. n The full potential for achieving revolutionary advances in education and healthcare in developing countries cannot be realized with the currently available information delivery infrastructure and at currently prevailing market prices.

Background and Rationale II n Improved distance education requires much better ways of presenting information and of enabling learners to interact with facilitators to enable the learners to process that information into personal knowledge. n What is needed is both high quality audio/video delivery and high quality interactivity. n Developing countries need broadband Internet via international satellite and fiber- optic cable.

Three GLOSAS Projects Initiated at the international conference on the “ Emerging Global Electronic Distance Learning (EGEDL/99), ” August 9th - 13th, 1999, University of Tampere, Finland 1. Global University System (GUS) 2. Global Broadband Internet (GBI) 3. Global Service Trust Fund (GSTF)

Global University System (GUS): Current Status Global University System in South America/ Amazon Region Global University System in the Philippines Native American and Canadian Community Project Global University System in Central America Global University System in Ukraine Global University System in Pakistan Global University System in Africa

Proposed Administrative Centers and Satellite Hubs in Developed countries

Proposed Administrative Centers and Satellite Hubs in Each Region of Developing Countries

Goals of GUS eLearning Joint research, professional development and knowledge- building Data- and media-intensive exchanges Globalization of employment opportunities

Objective of GUS Construction of global broadband Internet networks Development of teaching materials Global network of facilitators

Philosophies and Principles of GUS n Transcultural, globalwide initiative n The GUS to demonstrate moral leadership n Priority on academic freedom n The GUS to stress quality education n Initiative to be shared with students n Transnational collaboration on research n Commitment to openness n Toward transcultural unity-in-difference

New ways of learning n Online courses and collaborative learning provide means of improving the quality of learning opportunities, by supporting schools and institutions an environment not dependent on space or time. n This requires small classes mentored by skilled faculty members.

Experiences of multimedia instruction n Constraints imposed by the Internet n Evolution of Web based delivery platforms n Students learning culture n Multimedia enhancements n Interactivity and promoting collaborations n The synchronous dimension

Research findings n Learning networks can be as effective or more effective than traditional classrooms, in terms of access and learning outcomes n Collaborative learning designs are more effective for online learning than individuals working alone with materials posted online

Problems and promises n Experience demonstrates that collaborative ventures, based on existing providers and reliant on re-engineering of existing teaching and learning practices, are unlikely to be succesful, even where they are well financed n A spirit needed that recognizes the values of a multicultural world, civil society and participation and empowerment of people n Digital literacy

Global Broadband Internet (GBI) Virtual Private Network with QoS

USPNet VSAT Network USP Council Oct 99

USPNet n USPNet will be a Private Communications Network, Owned and Operated by USP n Network Carried by Satellite to each Country u Satellite Circuits Leased from INTELSAT n Installed into each USP Centre/Campus u Satellite Earth Station at each Location n Provide Audio, Data, Video and Telephony Services USP Council Oct 99 n Ready for Operation in Academic Year 2000 USP Council Oct 99

USPNet n Provides Permanent 64kbps Circuits from Laucala to all Sites, to Provide: u Data for Computer based Information Transfer and USP Administration, and Internet Access u Audio Conferencing Network u Telephone & Fax Communication within USP n Four 128kbps Circuits, Selectable and Programmed at the Laucala Hub to Provide: u Live Video based Lectures or Lecture Support Material Broadcast from any Campus and Received at any or all other Sites u Video Conferences from Laucala Campus to any other Site

James Sheats, HP Labs Technology for Sustainability Initiative 11May 1999 LINCOS (Little Intelligent Communities) or “Unwiring the World” Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, FTL Happold, Northsails, UTC, Becton-Dickenson, Wyle, V-Tel, Tachyon Foundation for Sustainable Development of Costa Rica Institute of Technology of Costa Rica MIT Media Lab University of Rochester

James Sheats, HP Labs Technology for Sustainability Initiative 11 May 1999 Digital Town Centers 8-10 Computers 2 Printers, 2 Scanners Cell phone base station (15 mile radius) Smart card reader Medical diagnostic bay Analytical equipment as appropriate External large screen (when available) VSAT satellite connection Purpose: to provide a multi-purpose information center for isolated regions, with high-speed (40 Mb/s) internet access and integrated local wireless communications, at affordable cost for developing nations Telemedicine Agricultural extension services Environmental monitoring Education Computer Lab Electronic Commerce Banking Digital Services

WorldSpace Satellite Constellation AfriStar 21 0 E AmeriStar 95 0 W AsiaStar E Geostationary Earth Orbit TM

WorldSpace Global System October 1998 March 2000 June 2001

WorldSpace

Footprint of ST-1/Ku-band

Footprint of ST-1/C-band

CampusNet in Manaus, Amazon, Brazil

Manaus Community Network (Configuration 1)

Manaus Community Network (Configuration 2)

Connotations n WIRED n Slave n Crime n WIRELESS n Freedom n Flexibility

Global Service Trust Fund (GSTF) Specific Objectives: n Make available sufficient broad bandwidth at free or highly reduced cost to enable a significant number of developing countries to undertake major new initiatives in distance learning and telemedicine.

Measures Needed to Achieve GSTF Objectives n Reduce the cost of broadband connectivity to a level poor countries can afford. n Create policy and regulatory frameworks conducive to the development of sustainable distance education and telemedicine programs. n Establish high-quality applications in sufficient developing country sites to demonstrate technical feasibility, increase demand, and build support for more extensive use of such technologies in developing country contexts.

GSTF Finance and Organization n A voluntary international e-rate for education and health n Two separate contribution “ funds ” or “ sources ” would be established u an in-kind bandwidth transmission source u a financial assistance source n The Coalition: a broad coalition of commercial and governmental sources

Global Service Trust Fund (GSTF) (Envisioned Organization, Functions, etc.)

Sources of Funding n Overseas Development Assistance funds of OECD countries n Cash contributions from the profits of international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the RDBs n Cash contributions from foundations and companies n Contributions in kind from companies owning underused satellite transponders and/or fiber optic cable (marginal cost near zero, builds future markets)

Next Steps Think Big  Marco Antonio Dias Former Director of Higher Education, UNESCO V.P. for Administration of GUS Think Different  Apple Computer Company