Axial Skeleton Ch. 7

Two types of bone markings Depressions – cavities that indent the bone Projections – processes that grow out of the bone Add - fontanelles

Fontanelles Dense connective tissue filled space between skull bones at birth

Fissure Narrow, slit-like opening between adjacent parts of a bone, through which vessels and nerves pass

Foramen An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

Fossa Depression in or on a bone

Groove or sulcus Furrow or depression that accommodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Condyle Large, rounded articular prominence

Facet A smooth, flat surface

Head Rounded articular projection supported on the neck of a bone

Tuberosity Large, rounded, usually roughened process

Trochanter Large projection found only on the femur

Skull 22 bones Cranial (8) – Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid Facial (14) – Nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

Skull

Sutures Immovable joint found between skull bones Begin to ossify between age Sutures – Coronal – between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones – Sagittal – between two parietal bones – Lambdoid – between parietal bones and occipital bone – Squamous – between parietal bones and temporal bones

Sutures

Vertebral Column 26 vertebrae Numbered by region – C-1, T-5, L-3, etc. 5 regions – Cervical (neck) – 7 – Thoracic (chest) – 12 – Lumbar (lower back) – 5 – Sacrum – 5 fused – Coccyx – 4 fused

Vertebral Column Spinal curvatures – one for each region

Vertebrae C-1 – atlas; C-2 – axis

Rib Cage 1-7 are true ribs – attached to sternum 8-12 are false ribs – no attached to sternum are floating ribs – not attached to anything Intercostal space – space between ribs

Rib Cage and Sternum Clavicle Xyphoid process Sternum