Differentiate Between Communicable and Chronic Diseases 6 th Grade

Then? Now? The Future? THEN (100 years ago)NOWFUTURE Small poxHeart diseaseChronic diseases will TuberculosisCancerContinue to be the InfluenzaStrokeLeading causes of Whooping coughRespiratory diseaseDeath for the near future. TyphoidAccidentsThe “big unknown” for DiphtheriaDiabetesScientists will be the effect TetanusAlzheimer’sOf “emerging infections” Influenza/pneumoniaSuch as bird flu, SARS, Nephritis and other kidney ailments West Nile virus, MRSA, Ebola, and mad cow Septicemia (blood poisoning) Disease.

Disease Formal Definition  Communicable disease:  A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment, often through “contaminated” (unclean or polluted) water. Other terms for these diseases are “contagious” (they can be caught from others) and “infectious” as they are caused by pathogens which multiply in the body and damage cells.

**Communicable Disease**  Infectious and transmitted by another person or animal.  Mosquito or tick bite Diseases that you can “catch” from someone or something else. Some people may use the words contagious or infectious when talking about communicable diseases.

What to do?? Communicable Disease  When a person becomes sick with a communicable disease it means a GERM has invaded their body.  Germs fear soap and water.  Washing your hand well and often is the best way to beat these tiny warriors.

Disease Formal Definition  Chronic disease:  An illness which is ongoing. These diseases are also referred to a “degenerative” because they break down organs. They may be “progressive”, meaning the person will continue to get worse unless there is medical care. Today, these conditions often result from “lifestyle”: one’s behavioral choice, like food, physical activity and safety practices.

**Chronic Disease**  Usually caused by one’s lifestyle, like diet and nutrition, and worsen over time.  Example  Heart disease  Cancer  Diabetes

Cause and Effect Injuries/AccidentsPossible Causes of Health Problems Diseases Head InjuryDrinking too Much Alcohol Common cold Car accidentVirusesLung Cancer Sprain or StrainSmoking CigarettesTooth Decay House FireEating too much Fat and Calories Lyme Disease DrowningBacteriaObesity FallsCarelessnessChicken Pox Electrical ShockLack of Protective Gear (Such as clothing or helmet) Food Poisoning FrostbiteParasites (ticks, fleas)Liver Disease Cuts, severe BleedingNot exercising and stretching Type II Diabetes Not getting enough sleep

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Note Taking Guide  Direct Contact Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent Stepping on a nail and getting tetanus Receive tetanus shots and keep cuts clean An unborn child getting infected form mother during pregnancy Extra precautions taken by women who are pregnant. An animal bite or scratchAvoid animals unknown to you; seek medical care for animal bite

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent  Indirect Contact Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent 1.Contaminated objects - Sharing school materials with another child, touching doorknobs or desktops touched by someone who is ill. -Avoid touching your face or rubbing your eyes. -Stay home when sick. -Avoid others who are sick. -Get sufficient rest and sleep. -Wash hands often (especially before eating food and after using restroom).

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent  Indirect Contact Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent 2. Other organism (vectors) - Being bitten by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, or flies. Diseases include malaria, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. -Check body and clothing for parasites such as ticks when coming in from outside. -Report the bite of any insect to an adult.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent  Indirect Contact Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent 3. Contaminated food - Happens when food is improperly handled or stored or not cooked well enough. Diseases include salmonella, ecoli. -Wash hands before eating or preparing food. -Keep cold food cold and hot food hot. -Do not eat perishable foods not been refrigerated for two hours. -Wash foods before eating.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent  Indirect Contact Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent 4. Contaminated water - Drinking water from unclean sources or eating food prepared in unclean water. Hepatitis A is an example. -Be certain water source is not contaminated. -Do not drink from creeks, rivers, or lakes.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent  Airborne Transmission Examples of Spread of IllnessHow to Prevent - Pathogens for flu and tuberculosis are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; can travel. -Stay away from sick people. -Have a flu shot yearly. -Stay home when you are sick.

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic IllnessRisk FactorsHow to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease (diseases of the heart and circulatory system, can cause heart attack or stroke) Heredity, being male, smoking, diet high in fat and cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity. -Avoid all tobacco products. -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol. -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity. -Maintain healthy weight Cancer (the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells) Heredity, exposure to radiation (sun, tanning beds), obesity, lack of physical activity, high- fat diet, tobacco use or exposure to secondhand smoke, certain infectious illnesses. -Avoid all tobacco products -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity -Maintain healthy weight -Avoid exposure to sun

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic IllnessRisk FactorsHow to Prevent Diabetes Type II (the inability of the body to metabolize sugar because of lack of insulin) Family history, obesity, diet high in fat and calories, physical inactivity. -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol. -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity. -Maintain healthy weight. Alzheimer’s (degeneration or break down of the brain) Cause is not known, risk factors include age and family history. -Know your family history. -Continue to be physically, socially, and mentally active into old age.

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic IllnessRisk FactorsHow to Prevent Asthma (inflammation of airways in lungs causing breathing difficulty) Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke increases likelihood of asthma; exposure to “triggers” in the air increase chance of an attack) -Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke -Avoid “triggers” in environment (mold, pollen) -Avoid stress -Wash bedding frequently Arthritis (diseases causing pain and loss of movement in the joints) Cause unknown, heredity may influence, exposure to viruses, bacteria, and fungi in suspected. -Maintain healthy weight -Stay physically active -Prevent sports injuries -Protect again Lyme disease.

Day 2

Eyes and Vision

Review: List ways vision helps us

Brainstorming: Eye Risks and Protection Risks: 1. Exposure to the sun 2. (continue list) Protection: 1. Safety goggles 2. (continue list)

Risks to Eyesight  Diabetes  Operating machinery  Exposure to the sun  Water sports  Skiing

Risks to Eyesight (continued)  Outdoor activities  Power equipment  Secondhand smoke  Over exposure to monitors, TV

Risks to Eyesight (continued)  Looking at photocopier lights  Computer gaming  Environmental mold  Allergies

Protection of Vision  Low-sugar diet  Exercise  Safety goggles  Sunglasses that protect against UV radiation  Wear a hat, wide brim

Protection of Vision (continued)  Ski goggles  Swimming goggles  Eye exercises; look up down, side to side, and all around  Eating vegetables  Getting adequate sleep

Protection of Vision (continued)  Vitamin A  Taking breaks from computer  Keeping fingers out of one’s eyes to prevent infection  Washing hands regularly

Protection of Vision (continued)  Eye drops for dry eyes  Regular eye check-ups  Good posture  Computer screen at eye level  Clean environment

We need healthy vision throughout our lives.

 Asthma is a chronic lung disease that can be life threatening. The exact cause is unknown. However, once an individual has asthma, his or her lungs will respond differently to triggers than ever before. Asthma

 What triggers an asthma attack varies from person to person. Some common triggers are:  Secondhand smoke  Dust mites  Pets  Mold  Pests Asthma Triggers

 Viral or sinus infections  Emotional anxiety  Medication  Food  Exercise  Gasses or fumes  Changing weather conditions Asthma Triggers

 When someone who has asthma is exposed to a trigger, an asthma attack can develop rapidly, within minutes or slowly, over a period of a few days. Asthma Triggers

 The cells in the air tubes make more mucus than normal. This mucus is very thick and sticky. It tends to clog up the tubes.  The air tubes tend to swell, just as skin swells if it is cut or scraped.  The muscles in the air tubes tighten.  These changes cause the air tubes to narrow making it very difficult to breathe. During an Asthma Attack:

 Coughing - can be weak or vigorous  Wheezing - a whistling or musical sound heard when exhaling  Night time coughing  Difficulty in breathing  Flared nostrils Signs of Asthma

 Breathing changes  Feeling tired or weak  Funny feeling in the chest  Headache  Glassy eyes  Dark circles under eyes  Getting excited  Paleness  Watery eyes Subtle Signs of an Asthma Attack

 Sweatiness  Getting out of breath  Restlessness  Chin or throat itching  Becoming unusually quiet  Heart rate increases  Coughing  Sneezing  Dry mouth  Stuffy nose Subtle Signs of an Asthma Attack

 Difficulty finishing a sentence  Severe coughing/wheezing  Flared nostrils  Head bobbing  Grayish blue tint around fingers and lips  Wheezing that stops even though other symptoms are still present Signs of a Severe Attack

Working Together for Environmental Health

Sticks in a bundle are unbreakable. (African Proverb)

Recycling... Does it help?

“Every little bit helps” is TRUE!

What can we do?

Cooperative Learning Activity Number off by threes Move to your group Read about the assigned topic: reduce, reuse, or recycle Take notes on the items listed on the next slide

Take notes on these topics...  Define your topic  List three strategies to reduce, reuse, or recycle  What are two “hints for parents?”  What would be your first step to begin to reduce, reuse, or recycle?

Peer Teaching... Reconfigure into new groups Teach your new group members about your topic

How do the 3 “RE”s show REspect for the earth and humanity?

Real World Collaboration:  Return to your original groups  Brainstorm ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle on the school campus  Select 5 ways to put words into action  Plan the first 2 steps to implement the 3 “RE”s