© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Psychological Health Cognitive functioning of the following: Cognitive functioning of the following: Expressing emotionsExpressing emotions Coping with stressCoping with stress Dealing with adversity and/or successDealing with adversity and/or success Adapting to changesAdapting to changes

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People Accept themselves and others Accept themselves and others Like themselves Like themselves Give and receive care, love, and support Give and receive care, love, and support Accepts life’s disappointments Accepts life’s disappointments Accept their mistakes Accept their mistakes Express full range of emotions (positive and negative) Express full range of emotions (positive and negative)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People Feels empathy and concern for others Feels empathy and concern for others Take care of themselves Take care of themselves Can function both independently Can function both independently Generally trusts others Generally trusts others Involves exercise, sound nutritional habits, and sleep into lifestyle Involves exercise, sound nutritional habits, and sleep into lifestyle Establishes goals Establishes goals (cont’d)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. What is Self-Esteem? 1. Having pride in yourself 2. Treating yourself with respect 3. Considering yourself valuable 4. Feeling good about yourself 5. Having self-assurance and accepting yourself People with low self esteem have a poor self concept: how they view themselves

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Emotional Intelligence Ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations Ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations Know your emotionsKnow your emotions Manage your emotionsManage your emotions Motivate yourselfMotivate yourself Recognize emotions in othersRecognize emotions in others Handle relationshipsHandle relationships

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Enhancing Psychological Health Sense of Humor: critical component of emotional health – results in a positive outlook upon life Sense of Humor: critical component of emotional health – results in a positive outlook upon life Communication Skills: increased verbal and non-verbal skills will produce better comfort levels with themselves (self-concept) and others (self-esteem) Communication Skills: increased verbal and non-verbal skills will produce better comfort levels with themselves (self-concept) and others (self-esteem) Conflict Management Skills: listen, learn “how” to say it, as well as use assertive communication Conflict Management Skills: listen, learn “how” to say it, as well as use assertive communication * Learn to be more optimistic and in control

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Proactive Approach to Life Proactive Approaches – actively taking charge of your psychological health: Proactive Approaches – actively taking charge of your psychological health: Construct mental picturesConstruct mental pictures Accept these perceptionsAccept these perceptions Test these perceptions (new experiences)Test these perceptions (new experiences) Modify these experiences/outcomes (reframe)Modify these experiences/outcomes (reframe)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Challenges to Psychological Health Two factors that can affect control Two factors that can affect control 1) Nature (innate factors) 2) Nurture (environmental factors)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Mood Disorders Primary symptom is a disturbance in mood. Clinical depression (feeling down for a lengthy period) Clinical depression (feeling down for a lengthy period) S.A.D (seasonal affective disorder) S.A.D (seasonal affective disorder) Bi-polar disorder (a.k.a., manic depression) Bi-polar disorder (a.k.a., manic depression)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Suicide Intervention Suicide Intervention Remain calm Remain calm Offer support and assistance Offer support and assistance Encourage problem solving Encourage problem solving Emphasize the temporary nature of the problem Emphasize the temporary nature of the problem Seek help Seek help Stay with the person Stay with the person

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Suicide Intervention, cont’d Suicide Intervention, cont’d Talk about it Talk about it Assume they are serious Assume they are serious Tell someone about this Tell someone about this Don’t argue Don’t argue Don’t be judgmental Don’t be judgmental

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Anxiety Disorders GAD (generalized anxiety disorder)GAD (generalized anxiety disorder) Social phobiaSocial phobia Panic disorderPanic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD’s )Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD’s ) Treatment involves a combination of medication, counseling and lifestyle modification.

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Schizophrenia Personality deterioration (biological and environmental) – characteristics are: Personality deterioration (biological and environmental) – characteristics are: delusionsdelusions hallucinationshallucinations disorganized speechdisorganized speech catatonic behaviorcatatonic behavior dysfunction in everyday routinesdysfunction in everyday routines

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health