Non-Communicable Diseases Laura Meier West Chester University Fall 2011

Non-communicable Diseases Chronic illness that is non-infectious Random genetic abnormalities, heredity, lifestyle or environment can cause non-communicable diseases Examples: cancer diabetes asthma Hypertension osteoporosis Autoimmune diseases trauma fractures mental disorders malnutrition poisoning hormonal conditions

Facts from CDC More than 35 million people die from NCDs each year worldwide— nearly two-thirds of the world's deaths. More than 80% of NCD-related deaths are in low- and middle- income countries. Nearly one-third of those deaths occur before age in 10 students around the world smoke cigarettes, according to youth tobacco survey data. Nearly 2 million deaths a year are attributable to diseases brought on by household smoke from unsafe cookstoves.

WHO-Country Profile

Cancer Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2008 Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancer cause the most cancer deaths each year. About 30% of cancer deaths are due to the five leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass index- Obesity low fruit and vegetable intake lack of physical activity tobacco use alcohol use World Health Organization

Cancer Cells are the building blocks of living things. Cancer grows out of normal cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. It can also occur when cells forget how to die. Other Causes: Benzene Environmental toxins-such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison that can grow on peanut plants (aflatoxins) Excessive sunlight exposure Genetic problems Radiation Viruses US National Library of Medicine

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease An estimated 17.3 million people died from CVDs in 2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include: coronary heart disease – disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle cerebrovascular disease - disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria congenital heart disease - malformations of heart structure existing at birth deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.

Stroke sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body confusion difficulty speaking or understanding speech difficulty seeing with one or both eyes difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination severe headache with no known cause fainting or unconsciousness Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease Heart Attack pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back. difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath feeling sick or vomiting feeling light-headed or faint breaking into a cold sweat becoming pale

Diabetes Chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent) is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90% of people with diabetes around the world, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity.

Asthma Respiratory disease that affects the lungs and causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways According to National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, in America, there are more than 22 million asthma cases. Asthma is characterized by repeated bouts of chest tightening, wheezing, coughing and breathing problems.