Module 1 Lesson 3 SCOS 1.03 Investigate the experiences that influenced the beginnings of American Government

Post RevolutionPost Revolution America in Shambles after the Revolution

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Land Issues: Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787

APGov BellworkAPGov Bellwork  In your notebooks, list the purpose of the Articles of Confederation (AOC)  Then write out the powers it had and didn’t have (you may check your notes)  Upcoming dates: Thurs Study Guide, Syllabus, Reading #3 pg due  Next Tues Jan 19 Readinf #4 pg due  Next Fri Jan 22 Unit 1 Vocab due  CHECK AP GOV HW SITE DAILY-SIGN UP FOR ALERTS

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Confederation Was Weak

Revolution ConstitutionRevolution Constitution Articles of Confederation was the constitution under which the states operated during the Revolutionary War

Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation 1.Only state governments could levy taxation and regulate commerce 2.Sovereignty retained by states 3.Delegates were picked and paid by states. 4.Little to no power to coin money (made federal money worthless)

Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation 5.Small armies dependent on state militias 6.Territorial disputes due to lack of a strong federal government 7.No national judicial system 8.One vote in Congress

Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation 9.9/13 in Congress needed to pass basic measures 10.Amendments required 13/13 states to approve 11.John Hancock elected President but did not show up for the meaningless job

Foreign and Domestic Problems in the US following the Revolution Could not repay war debts (no power to tax) Domestic disputes

Shays RebellionShays Rebellion Daniel Shays' Rebellion  Shay – Massachusetts farmer led uprising over high taxes  Leaders worried about potential domestic unrest  No national army to put down rebellions  Some see the uprising as a result of a weakness in the Articles of Confederation

Jefferson’s Response to Shays Rebellion “The tree of liberty must be refreshed from the blood of patriots and the blood of tyrants” “ A little rebellion now and then in is a good thing”

The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia The Setting at the Convention  Early decision to re-write, rather than revise the Articles of Confederation  Intent of the Convention  Economic  Idealistic  Realistic

The ParticipantsThe Participants 55 delegates from 12 states Young (average age 42), professional (over half were lawyers), men of economic substance (they had $) Many were Revolutionary War veterans

The ParticipantsThe Participants Washington - president of the convention Madison - researched every previous republic  Large republic is not only possible, it's preferred  Popularly elected officials with sovereignty in the hands of the people, not the states  Franklin - 81 years old and a major influence.

The CompromisesThe Compromises The Compromises: Virginia Plan (Edmund Randolph)  Two house legislature with representation based on population for both  Favored by large states New Jersey Plan (William Patterson)  Congress with each state having one vote  Separate executive and judicial branches  Increased powers of Congress  Favored by small states

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) (Roger Sherman)  Lower house membership dependent on population  Upper house with two members from each state

A Closer Look at PlansA Closer Look at Plans New Jersey Plan Unicameral: 1 house in Congress; states represented equally Virginia Plan Bicameral: 2 houses in Congress – House of Representatives (elected by the people) and Senate (elected by state legislatures); Both houses based on population 3 Branches of Government Executive (Pres.) Legislative (Congress) Judicial (Courts)

More CompromisesMore Compromises Three-Fifths Compromise (60% of slaves counted for representation and taxation; no Congressional interference with slavery for 20 years)  Non-slavery states wanted slaves counted for taxation, but not representation and wanted an end to importation of slaves  Slave states wanted slaves counted for representation, but not taxation and no interference with slave trade by the federal government

Federalists PapersFederalists Papers Series of 85 essays by Madison, John Jay, and Alexander in newspapers to explain and gain support for the new Constitution

The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers Federalist Papers Argued that limitations on governmental power were built into the Constitution Need for strength to earn respect abroad Promise of Bill of Rights added to the Constitution helped persuade opponents to ratify it

Federalists vs. Anti-FederalistsFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists Federalists  In favor of a strong constitution with more federal government power  Supporters included Washington, James Madison(the father of the Constitution) and Alexander Hamilton  Supported by urban areas, merchants who could make $, small states who had weak economies and wanted federal help, non-slave holders, and those who were owed money from local, state, and federal governments. Anti Federalists  Those who opposed a strong federal government, fear of too much power creating European problems  Supporters included Revolutionary Hero’s Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry  Supported by states with strong governments and economies who would pay and not benefit from the constitution, farmers, slave owners, those typically living in rural areas.

#51Federalist #51 Written by James Madison The Federal government should consist of three separate branches of government, the Judicial, Legislative, and Executive. Each branch should be independent and have equal power Power of the government should be limited.

#51Federalist #51 According to Madison, “if men were angels, no government would be necessary.” Expressed the belief that government should not only control the citizens but also control itself. Individual rights must be protected, especially the rights of the minority group. He also comes back to the point of protecting individual rights, specifically the minority.

Ratification Because of fear of opposition from states, only 9/13 were needed for the Constitution to take effect. Because of opposition from state legislatures, conventions elected by the people were given authority to approve or reject Constitution.

Parts of the ConstitutionParts of the Constitution “We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

Principles of the ConstitutionPrinciples of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty Rule of Law Separation of Powers Checks and Balances

Principles in the ConstitutionPrinciples in the Constitution Federalism Judicial Review Individual Rights Limited Government

The Seven ArticlesThe Seven Articles Article I Article II Article III Article IV Article V Article VI Article VII

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights: the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution  Protects the individual rights of citizens  Added to pacify anti-federalists There are 27 Amendments to the Constitution