Ch. 3: ____________ Federalism Erin Brinig Mr. Baier AP Government, Period 2 08 September 2008

Federalism!! A political systen in which there are units of government, as well as a ________ government, that can make final decisions with respects to at least some governmental activities and whose existence is specially protected A political systen in which there are units of government, as well as a ________ government, that can make final decisions with respects to at least some governmental activities and whose existence is specially protected Examples of what a Federal government actually does: welfare system, interstate highways, supply jobs to unemplyed, military manpower, program to clean up water Examples of what a Federal government actually does: welfare system, interstate highways, supply jobs to unemplyed, military manpower, program to clean up water local national

The Founding of Federalism Two devices whereby personal liberty was to be protected: _________ and _______________ Two devices whereby personal liberty was to be protected: _________ and _______________ A federation (a.k.a. “federal republic”) and states governments both derive their powers from the __________. A federation (a.k.a. “federal republic”) and states governments both derive their powers from the __________. Neither has supreme authority over the other Neither has supreme authority over the other people federalism Separation of powers

Three Systems of Government State/local Govt Citizens Central Govt Confederation Unitary System Federal System

Debate on the Meaning of Federalism Civil War proved the National Government was supreme Civil War proved the National Government was supreme Supreme Court: decides what Contstitution means Supreme Court: decides what Contstitution means McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- Chief Justice ____ _______: “necessary and proper” clause; Nat’l govt cant tax on interest from state/local banks (until 1988) & state/local banks can’t tax federal banks McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)- Chief Justice ____ _______: “necessary and proper” clause; Nat’l govt cant tax on interest from state/local banks (until 1988) & state/local banks can’t tax federal banks Nullification: states have right to nullify (_____) federal laws is deemed unconstitutional (Civil war– unconstitutional) Nullification: states have right to nullify (_____) federal laws is deemed unconstitutional (Civil war– unconstitutional) John Marshall avoid

Debate on the Meaning of Federalism-Cont. ____ _________: National govt is supreme in it’s sphere, state govts are supreme in thiers, but two spheres of action should be kept separate ____ _________: National govt is supreme in it’s sphere, state govts are supreme in thiers, but two spheres of action should be kept separate Interstate v. Intrastate commerce controversy (pretty much become jurisdiciton of federal govt now) Interstate v. Intrastate commerce controversy (pretty much become jurisdiciton of federal govt now) Dual Federalism

State Sovereignty: Court Cases United States v. Lopez (1995)- Congress exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in schools United States v. Lopez (1995)- Congress exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in schools Printz v. United States (1997)- invalidated law about background checks on gun purchasers Printz v. United States (1997)- invalidated law about background checks on gun purchasers Alden v. Maine (1999)- state employees could not sue to force state compliance with federal fair-labor laws Alden v. Maine (1999)- state employees could not sue to force state compliance with federal fair-labor laws Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina Ports Authority (2002)- expanded states’ sovereign immunity from private lawsuits Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina Ports Authority (2002)- expanded states’ sovereign immunity from private lawsuits

State Soveriengty Vocab Police power- laws a regulations, not otherwise unconstitutional, that promote health, safety, and morals Police power- laws a regulations, not otherwise unconstitutional, that promote health, safety, and morals _______- allows voters to place legislative measures directly on ballot _______- allows voters to place legislative measures directly on ballot Referendum- enables voters to reject a measure adopted by legislature Referendum- enables voters to reject a measure adopted by legislature ______- voters can remove an elected official from office ______- voters can remove an elected official from office Initiative Recall

Federal-State Relations _________ (GIA’s): money given to states by national govt for different programs/projects _________ (GIA’s): money given to states by national govt for different programs/projects Four reasons states like GIA’s Four reasons states like GIA’s 1. Money is there 2. Federal income tax (flexible tool for public finance) 3. Feds manage currency- can make whenevs they want 4. Politics: “free” money; makes state govts look good _____________________- state and local officials banding together (in a lobby) to obtain more federal money with fewer strings attached _____________________- state and local officials banding together (in a lobby) to obtain more federal money with fewer strings attached Grants-in-aid Intergovernmental Lobby

Categorical Grants V. Revenue Sharing Categorical Grants (CG’s): for a specific purpose defind by federal law Categorical Grants (CG’s): for a specific purpose defind by federal law - consolidation of several CG’s into a single grant devoted to some general purpose and with fewer restrictions on use - consolidation of several CG’s into a single grant devoted to some general purpose and with fewer restrictions on use Revenue sharing (RS): grants of $$ from Feds with no requirement as to matching funds and freedom to spend money on almost any govt purpose Revenue sharing (RS): grants of $$ from Feds with no requirement as to matching funds and freedom to spend money on almost any govt purpose Rivalry among states: states have become competetive bcuz they all want more $$ Rivalry among states: states have become competetive bcuz they all want more $$ Census results- becoming more important b/c determine how much bank every1 gets Census results- becoming more important b/c determine how much bank every1 gets Block Grant