Quality Monitoring in JMA Ota Yukinari Numerical Prediction Division Forecast Department

outline Two types of Monitoring Report published by JMA The procedures of a consolidated list of suspected stations with some example Trends in the number of suspected stations Summary

Monitoring Report Monthly Global Monitoring Report JMA publishes following reports ; Monthly Global Monitoring Report JMA reports suspected observations of low quality through our NWP system once a month. (as one of the NWP centre) Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II (Asia) RSMC Tokyo publishes it every half year as a lead center for monitoring the quality of land surface observations. (as one of the Lead Centre)

Monitoring Report Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II Monthly Global Monitoring Report updated 6-monthly Monthly lead time more than 3month a few days produced manually automatically references First Guess Field of JMA Global Model All Monthly Global Monitoring Report from other monitoring centres Previous report region Region II Global monitoring data MSLP SLP GZ of SYNOP SYNOP, SHIP, BUOY, platform TEMP, PILOT, AIRCRAFT, SATOB, ATOVS Published at http://qc.kishou.go.jp/

Selection Criteria for suspect list (SLP, MSLP) Statistics on observation against the first guess field of JMA global model (O-B) Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II Monthly Global Monitoring Report NOBS About 180 (at least 1 per day) 20 Gross Error Limit 15.0 hPa %Gross Error 25% |BIAS| 3.0 hPa 4.0 hPa SD 5.0 hPa 6.0 hPa reference own criteria, stricter than that of monthly monitoring, no agreement Manual on the GDPFS ATTACHMENT II.9

Report on the Quality of Land Surface Observations in Region II a consolidated list of stations suspected of reporting low-quality observation data of station level pressure, mean sea level pressure and geopotential height

List for suspect station 6-month statistics on O-B in all RA II stations (about 2000 stations) Select suspect stations by criteria (about 50 stations) Check the selected stations Suspect lists by the other monitoring centres Time-series of Obs and FirstGuess Tendency to surrounding stations consideration of NWP model errors

Check list for suspect stations (for scratch)

Most typical error and improvement Improved Elevation error

Surrounding stations large bias compared with surrounding stations

Short-term error This station was NOT listed in the suspect lists

Deterioration adjusted? improved? gradually worsen 2013 2014 2015

Seasonal BIAS (MSLP) Oct. Apr. large positive BIAS in winter

Seasonal BIAS (temperature) large negative BIAS in winter Oct. Apr. due to model warm BIAS

Model BIAS in Siberia MSLP in Jan. 2014 Positive BIAS of MSLP i.e. Model has weak high pressure temperature in Jan. 2014 Negative BIAS of temperature i.e. Model has weak coldness The stations in that area should not be listed

Structure of monitoring results Consolidated list of suspect stations throughout the period Stations where quality deteriorated during the period Stations improved and excluded from the previous consolidated list Stations removed from the previous consolidated list

Trends in the number of suspected station in Region II Suspect stations remain constantly

Response of the improvement from NMHSs Report Country Date Comment No32 July to December 2006 (March 2007) Nepal 27 June 2007 44146 elevation change No33 January to June 2007 (September 2007) Kyrgyzstan 26 October 2007 36985 location and elevation change China December 2007 59758 new location Kazakhstan 10 December 2007 35416 elevation change Laos 14 December 2007 48921, 48924, 48925, 48927, 48935, 48938, 48952, 48957 elevation change and installment new mercury barometers

Summary JMA is a NWP Centre for exchange of monitoring results. a Lead Centre for monitoring the quality of land surface observations and responsible for monitoring the quality of land surface observations in Region II. JMA publishes two type of Monitoring Reports via online http://qc.kishou.go.jp/ . Various information are used to produced consolidated list of suspect stations. Not only O-B statistics. NWP model is not perfect. Observation errors should be distinguished from model errors. (but it is much difficult.) In consideration of the above, it takes more than 3 month to complete. About 30 stations remain in suspect lists.