UNIT 3 ECOLOGY Introduction to Biomes Intro to Ecology Video Backyard Ecology Project – Due November 13 th Crash Course: Ecology HW: Chapter 52 Notes due Monday

CHAPTER 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Warm-Up  Please read “The Next Frontier” and be ready to discuss the article. gy-risk-may-be-tied-to-how-you-wash-your- dishes/

You Must Know  The role of abiotic factors in the formation of biomes.  Features of freshwater and marine biomes.  Major terrestrial biomes and their characteristics. Please refer to learning objectives and essential knowledge handout.

Ecology: the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment  The ecological study of species involves biotic and abiotic influences. Ex: Temperature and nutrients availability can affect terrestrial plants, crop growth - This will change the animals that inhabit that area Ex: Oxygen availability, temperature and salinity can affect the aquatic zone where you would find different fish

Biogeography Biogeography: geographic distribution of species  Factors:  Dispersal – movement away from area of origin  Behavior – habitat selection  Biotic factors – other species, food resources, competition, pollinators, predators  Abiotic factors – temp, water, oxygen, salinity, sunlight, rocks & soil Very sensitive to precipitation and temperature patterns.

What are some human activities that could alter the abiotic factors of this ecosystem?

Heirarchy  Organisms  Population: group of individuals of same species living in a particular geographic area  Community: group of populations of different species in an area  Ecosystem: community of organisms + physical factors  Landscape: mosaic of connected ecosystems  Biosphere: global ecosystem

Climate: long-term prevailing weather conditions in a particular area  Climate = temperature + precipitation + sunlight + wind  Macroclimate vs. microclimate:  Macro: work at seasonal, regional or local level  Micro: small-scale environmental variation (eg. under a log)

Factors that Affect Climate Patterns: Sunlight intensity and Seasons Latitude – Changes angle of sunlight Tilt of Earth’s Axis Distance/Position relative to the sun

Seasonal Turnover in Lakes  As temperature drops, water temperature cools and sinks  Fall turnover renews oxygen and nutrients to the bottom layer of the lake

Factors that Affect Climate Patterns: Ocean Currents What unique property of water?

Which side of the canyon has more plants? Why? Black Canyon of the Gunnison River

Factors that Affect Climate Patterns: Mountains (altitude) affect rainfall

Factors that Affect Climate Patterns: Air Circulation & Precipitation Patterns

Climate and elevation determine biomes Figure Figure 34.7C

Biomes: major types of ecosystems that occupy very broad geographic regions

Climograph: plot of temperature & precipitation in a particular region

Tropical Forest

Desert

Savanna

Chaparral

Temperate Grassland

Northern Coniferous Forest

Temperate Broadleaf Forest

Tundra

Disruptions to Terrestrial Biomes  Natural: Storm, Fire, Flood  Human Activity

Aquatic Biomes  Water and Oxygen

Lakes

Wetlands

Streams & Rivers

Estuaries

Intertidal Zones

Oceanic Pelagic Zone (Open Water)

Coral Reefs

Marine Benthic Zone

Closure Questions  1. Give one example of a marine biome and one example of a freshwater biome.  2. List the 2 most important abiotic factors that influence where people live.  3. A group of populations of different species in the area.  4. A community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which those organisms interact. HW: Bring Textbook Tomorrow!! HW: Ch 53 Vocabulary HW: Bring Textbook Tomorrow!! HW: Ch 53 Vocabulary

Assignment  Synthesis Questions Practice Worksheet  Tonight: Complete Ch 53 Vocabulary, Bozeman Podcasts on populations/ populations/  BRING YOUR TEXTBOOK TOMORROW!