1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION A) A MEETING OF 40 men from 13 States in Philadelphia in 1787 to address the problems of the Articles of Confederation. B) Newburgh Conspiracy shows new nation was ready to collapse C) Shays’ Rebellion shows new nation was ready to collapse D) Annapolis Meeting Nationalists meet to discuss economic problems of new nation

2. FEDERALISTS A) Led By Alexander Hamilton B) Feared “mob” rule C) Favored Strong Central government D) The Federalist Papers E) Federalist X speaks of “factions checking Factions”

3. ANTI FEDERALISTS A) Led By Jefferson B) Feared a tyrant C) Favored States’ Rights D) Insisted on Bill of Rights

4) THE CONSTITUTION IS NOT PERFECT A) Women, Native Americans, and enslaved blacks were not represented B) NB: Even the Declaration of Independence failed to condemn Slavery !

5) The Constitution is a Bundle of Compromises A) VIRGINIA PLAN B) NEW JERSEY PLAN C) CONNECTICUT PLAN- GREAT COMPROMISE is about 2 senators from each state and Representatives based on the population of the state D) THREE- FIFTHS COMPROMISE is about slavery E) Article I Sec 2 Clause 3 was in effect until the 13 th Amendment is passed

6. EXAMPLE A) IF YOU HAVE 100 SLAVES YOU ONLY ARE TAXED FOR _____. Of them B) IF YOUR STATE HAS 10,000 slaves only ______ are counted for determining how many Congressmen you get in the House C) NB: The census is important to determine how many representatives a state gets

7. THE FIRST DRAFT OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE CONDEMNED SLAVERY !!!!!!! he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain. determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce

8. THE FINAL DRAFT OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE FAILED TO CONDEMN SLAVERY A) Edward Rutledge of South Carolina is a key person in defending the institution of slavery B) VA, SC, NC, GA threaten to not sign the DOI if the words condemning the slave trade are included C) Jefferson and Adams agree to cross out those words D) When the-anti slavery words are crossed out what is the good effect?– All 13 colonies will agree to sign What is the bad effect? – slavery is legal!!

9. FEDERALISM IS DIVISION OF POWER A) THE DIVISION OF POWER BETWEEN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES B) Delegated powers– given to central government– e.g.– to raise an army C) Reserved powers– e.g.-driver’s license, D) Concurrent powers – e.g. power to tax

10. CHECKS AND BALANCES IS A KEY PART OF THE CONSTITUTION A) THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT– An idea based on Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, and Separation of Powers B) LEGISLATIVE C) EXECUTIVE D) JUDICIAL E) 3EXAMPLES: PRESIDENT VETOES A BILL  CONGRESS IMPEACHES PRESIDENT ,SENATE ACQUITS PRESIDENT

11. THE CONSTITUTION IS A BUNDLE OF COMPROMISES A) The Elastic Clause (Article I Sec 8, clause 18) – Congress can do anything necessary and proper.. B)The 10 th Amendment : Powers not given to the federal govt. are reserved to the state C) the Supremacy Clause ( Article VI, Section 2); A judge must overturn a state law if it conflicts with Constitution or federal law

12) The Electoral College A) designed to preserve the role of the states in governing a nation ( Article II, Section 2) B) The electoral vote, not the popular vote determines who is elected president. C) IN 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000 A President was elected who did not win Popular vote!!! D) "The people are uninformed, and would be misled by a few designing men." -- Delegate Gerry, July 19, 1787.

13. THE SECRET DINNER A) – NYC Hamilton and Jefferson B) Hamilton will get National Bank to assume the national debt C) Hamilton’s Report on National Bank, Report on Public Credit, Report on Manufactures excise tax) shapes the future of America as an industrial nation D) Jefferson will get Capital moved to D.C.- this shapes future of America as a pro-slavery nation

14. JUDICIAL REVIEW A)THE POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT TO RULE A LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL B)NB: Articles of Confederation only had 2 branches! B) ESTABLISHED BY JOHN MARSHALL IN MARBURY v. MADISON (1803) C) HE RULED THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 UNCONSTITUTIONAL

JUDICIAL REVIEW

15. E PLURIBUS UNUM OUT OF MANY WE ARE ONE!!