The Role of IMC in the Marketing Process © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Product Decisions Pricing Decisions Distribution Decisions Product Decisions Pricing Decisions Distribution Decisions Opportunity Analysis Competitive Analysis Target Marketing Identifying Markets Market Segmentation Selecting a Target Market Positioning Through Marketing Strategies Promotional Decisions Advertising Direct Marketing Interactive Marketing Sales Promotion Publicity and Public Relations Personal Selling Resellers Ultimate Consumer Consumers Businesses Promotion to Final Buyer Promotion To Trade Opportunity Analysis Competitive Analysis Target Marketing Identifying Markets Market Segmentation Selecting a Target Market Positioning Through Marketing Strategies Promotional Decisions Advertising Direct Marketing Interactive Marketing Sales Promotion Publicity and Public Relations Personal Selling Ultimate Consumer Consumers Businesses Marketing and Promotions Process Model © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Marketing to a Lifestyle + © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Positioning Through Marketing Strategies Selecting Market To Target Determining Market Segmentation Identify Markets With Unfulfilled Needs Selecting Market To Target Determining Market Segmentation Identify Markets With Unfulfilled Needs The Target Marketing Process © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

A Product for Every Segment + © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Take Marketing Actions To Reach Target Segments. Select the Product Segments Toward Which the Firm Directs Its Marketing Actions. Develop a Market/Product Grid To Relate the Market Segments To the Firm’s Products and Actions. Find Ways To Group Marketing Actions - Usually the Products Offered - Available To the Organization. Find Ways To Group Consumers According To Their Needs. Select the Product Segments Toward Which the Firm Directs Its Marketing Actions. Develop a Market/Product Grid To Relate the Market Segments To the Firm’s Products and Actions. Find Ways To Group Marketing Actions - Usually the Products Offered - Available To the Organization. Find Ways To Group Consumers According To Their Needs. The Marketing Segmentation Process © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Behavior Benefits Outlets Benefits Outlets Behavior Psychographic Geographic Demographic Psychographic Demographic Geographic Bases for Segmentation Customer Characteristics Customer Characteristics Socioeconomic Buying Situation Buying Situation Usage Socioeconomic © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Abercrombie & Fitch Targets Echo Boomers + © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

What Position Do We Have Now? Do We Have the Money To Do the Job? What Position Do We Want To Own? From Whom Must We Win This Position? Do We Have the Tenacity To Stay With It? Do We Have the Money To Do the Job? From Whom Must We Win This Position? What Position Do We Want To Own? What Position Do We Have Now? Does Our Creative Strategy Match It? Developing a Positioning Strategy © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin The Position The Position

By Attributes and Benefits? By Price or Quality? By Use or Application? By Product Class? By Product User? By Competitor? By Cultural Symbols? By Attributes and Benefits? By Price or Quality? By Use or Application? By Product Class? By Product User? By Competitor? Positioning Strategies © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin How should we position?

Cultural Symbols Can Differentiate Brands © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin +

6.Monitor the Position 5.Make the Positioning Decision 4.Analyze Consumer Preferences 3.Determine Their Positions 2.Assess Perceptions of Them 1.Identify the Competitors 5.Make the Positioning Decision 4.Analyze Consumer Preferences 3.Determine Their Positions 2.Assess Perceptions of Them 1.Identify the Competitors Developing a Positioning Platform © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Is the Current Position Strategy Working? Is the Segmentation Strategy Appropriate? Are There Sufficient Resources To Communicate the Position? Is the Segmentation Strategy Appropriate? Is the Current Position Strategy Working? Are There Sufficient Resources To Communicate the Position? How Strong Is the Competition? Positioning Decisions © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin The Checklist The Checklist

Advertising Develops Brand Images © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin +

Branding and Packaging Work Closely Together © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin Product Decisions BRANDING Brand name commun- icates attributes and meaning Advertising creates and maintains brand equity Packaging has become increasingly important It’s often customers’ first exposure to product PACKAGING BRANDING

A Package Is More than a Container © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin +

Price Must Be Consistent With Perceptions of the Product Higher Prices Communicate Higher Product Quality Lower Prices Reflect Bargain or “Value” Perceptions Price, Advertising and Distribution be Unified In Identifying the Product Position Price Must Be Consistent With Perceptions of the Product Higher Prices Communicate Higher Product Quality Lower Prices Reflect Bargain or “Value” Perceptions Price, Advertising and Distribution must be Unified In Identifying the Product Position Pricing Must Be Coordinated with Other Factors © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin Pricing Considerations Pricing Considerations A Product Positioned as High Quality While Carrying a Lower Price than Competitors Will Confuse Customers

Some Products Compete on Price – Others Compete on Quality © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin +

Selecting Managing Motivating Selecting Managing Distribution is a Vital Link in the Chain © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin Distribution Channel Decisions Distribution Channel Decisions

The “Middleman” Can Play a Key Role © 2003 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill/Irwin Independent Channel Intermediaries Independent Channel Intermediaries Brokers Distributors Wholesalers Retailers Brokers Distributors Wholesalers