CLAS/HIST3001 Greek Dark Ages II: Community and the Advent of Writing.

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Presentation transcript:

CLAS/HIST3001 Greek Dark Ages II: Community and the Advent of Writing

Review ● Using Homer to reconstruct Dark Age society

Ethics of the Iliad ● Aretê ('excellence') of individual in war ● Seek to acquire timê ('honour'), akin to modern representations of American ghetto culture ● Established in highly public, zero-sum contexts – prizes at athletic competition – distribution of war booty

Permanence of These ● Not just military: “Potter resents potter and carpenter resents carpenter and beggar is jealous of beggar” Hesiod Works and Days 20ff. ● An iron-clad code, see Hector's address to his wife in Iliad 6 (Pomeroy p. 62) ● The suicide of Ajax (see image)

Dark Age Religion ● This period sets the pattern basically until conflict with Xianity in yrs. AD ● Polytheistic – Adaptive ● gods are self-interested and blessed – In large part, not concerned with morality ● they concern themselves only tangentially with humans ● Worship through sacrifice, prayer, song, procession ● Oracles are a line of communication

Hesiod's Theogony

Luxury Goods and Network of Trade ● Bronze tripod (“three- foot”) cauldron ● Gift, burial, etc. ● Skills, materials from East

Archaic Greek Trade Posts

Phoenicians

Greek Traders Borrow Phoenician Writing

Phoenician a Semitic Language

Earliest Greek Writing: Cup of Nestor c. 725 ● “I am the fine drinking cup of Nestor. May desire of beautiful Aphrodite seize whoever drinks from me.” ● From ancient Pithekoussai, off Italian coast ● Cp. with Linear B

Read the Earliest Word of the West!

Evidence from a 5 th C. Historian ● How does the historian Herodotus, writing hundreds of years later, explain the adoption of writing? – myth – a specific person

Refinement of Protogeometric Pottery

Geometric Pottery

Early Archaic Geometric Pottery

Art, Writing and Literature Develop Through Similar Process ● Aggregation and meaningful repetition of small set of basic units: – Language, the alphabet – Literature, the Epic formulas and set-pieces – Art, the geometric elements: circles, checkerboard, meander, finally people ● What about political development of this time? C7 p