1 Periodic Table GLY 4200 – Lecture 6 – Fall, 2016

2 Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev Russian Chemist "The properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses"

3 Henry G.J. Moseley British chemist “Similar properties recur periodically when elements are arranged by increasing atomic number”

4 Periodic Table

5 Second Row

6 N = 2 Shell This completes the n = 2 shell The valance electrons are denoted using the notation 2s x 2p y The complete electronic configuration is 1s 2 2s x 2p y, which may also be expressed as [He] 2s x 2p y It also introduces the p block

7 Periodic Table Blocks

8 Third Row

9 Periodic Table Blocks

10 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 4s electrons are lower energy than 3d

11 Beginning of Fourth Row Potassium [Ar] 4s 1 Calcium [Ar] 4s 2

12 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 3d electrons are lower energy than 4p

13 First Transition Row

14 Periodic Table Blocks

15 4p Block

16 Periodic Table Blocks

17 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 5s electrons are lower energy than 4d

18 Second Transition Row Yttrium [Kr] 4d 1 5s 2 Zirconium [Kr] 4d 2 5s 2 Niobium [Kr] 4d 4 5s 1 Molybdenum [Kr] 4d 5 5s 1 (Technetium) [Kr] 4d 5 5s 2 Ruthenium [Kr] 4d 7 5s 1 Rhodium [Kr] 4d 8 5s 1 Palladium [Kr] 4d 10 5s 0 Silver [Kr] 4d 9 5s 2 Cadmium [Kr] 4d 10 5s 2

19 Periodic Table Blocks

20 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 5p and 6s electrons are lower energy than 4f

21 5p Block

22 Periodic Table Blocks

23 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 6s electrons are lower energy than 4f or 5d

24 Row 6 Beginning

25 Electronic Energy Levels Note that 4f electrons are lower energy than 5d

26 4f Block

27 Periodic Table Blocks

28 5d Block

29 6p Block

30 Periodic Table Blocks

31 5f Block

32 Periodic Table Blocks

33 Oxidation States of First Transition Row Elements ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZn States highlighted in red are the most common

34 REE Abundance

35 Europium Anomaly Figure 9-5. REE diagram for 10% batch melting of a hypothetical lherzolite with 20% plagioclase, resulting in a pronounced negative Europium anomaly From Winter, (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice Hall

36 Uranium and Thorium Decay

37 Periodic Table Blocks

38 Ionization Potential ElementElectronic Configuration (valance) Size, nm Ionization Energy, Cal/mol Be2s Mg3s Ca4s Sr5s Ba6s