Food shortages and famines are caused by…. In order to solve this problem I am going to….

What were Stalin’s Economic Objectives? Objectives: 1) To gain an overview of Stalin’s economic aims 2) To find out how he attempted to improve agriculture through collectivisation Thursday 12 th March

Trotsky Key Ideas: Key Ideas: Idealistic. Idealistic. Committed to “Permanent Revolution” within the USSR (War Communism”) and “World Revolution” around the globe Committed to “Permanent Revolution” within the USSR (War Communism”) and “World Revolution” around the globe Good Point: Ideologically sound Good Point: Ideologically sound Bad Point: Dangerous in practice Bad Point: Dangerous in practice

Bukharin Key Ideas: Key Ideas: Pragmatic. Pragmatic. Eager to consolidate Bolshevism in USSR slowly (NEP) before promoting further revolutions elsewhere. Eager to consolidate Bolshevism in USSR slowly (NEP) before promoting further revolutions elsewhere. Good point: Safer in practice Good point: Safer in practice Bad Point: Ideologically unsound Bad Point: Ideologically unsound

Stalin Stalin played each group off against each other, and then formed his own policy based around their best points. Stalin played each group off against each other, and then formed his own policy based around their best points. Discussion Point – what do you think the essential nature of this policy could be? (n.b. think of methods as well as objectives – will it focus on agriculture or industry, for example?) Discussion Point – what do you think the essential nature of this policy could be? (n.b. think of methods as well as objectives – will it focus on agriculture or industry, for example?)

Stalin’s idea: “Socialism in one Country” Like Trotsky, he was keen to show himself committed to revolutionary socialism; Like Trotsky, he was keen to show himself committed to revolutionary socialism; Like Bukharin, he nevertheless stressed the need to consolidate Bolshevism in the USSR before anything else. Like Bukharin, he nevertheless stressed the need to consolidate Bolshevism in the USSR before anything else. He called this policy ‘Socialism in one Country’ (1925). He called this policy ‘Socialism in one Country’ (1925).

Stalin’s Method: The Five-Year Plans “We are fifty to a hundred years behind the advanced countries. Either we make good this difference in ten years or we shall be crushed”. “We are fifty to a hundred years behind the advanced countries. Either we make good this difference in ten years or we shall be crushed”. “The fundamental task of the Five Year Plan is to convert the USSR from an agrarian and weak country dependent on the caprices of the capitalist countries, into an industrial and powerful country, fully self- reliant and independent of world capitalism”. “The fundamental task of the Five Year Plan is to convert the USSR from an agrarian and weak country dependent on the caprices of the capitalist countries, into an industrial and powerful country, fully self- reliant and independent of world capitalism”. In your own words, summarise what the main objectives of the Five Year Plans appear to be. In your own words, summarise what the main objectives of the Five Year Plans appear to be.

Reaction of the Party Stalin’s rejection of the NEP was broadly accepted for economic and diplomatic reasons.

Reaction of the Party - Economic The NEP was failing. There was a growing ‘Scissors Crisis’ – agriculture was recovering much more quickly than industry, with the result that food prices were falling whilst industrial prices continued to rise, meaning that farmers were starting to cut back on production. The NEP was failing. There was a growing ‘Scissors Crisis’ – agriculture was recovering much more quickly than industry, with the result that food prices were falling whilst industrial prices continued to rise, meaning that farmers were starting to cut back on production. The government tried both requisitioning (the ‘Urals- Siberian Method’ of 1927) and raising the price of grain (1928) but neither tactic provided a solution and rationing was introduced into Leningrad and Moscow in The government tried both requisitioning (the ‘Urals- Siberian Method’ of 1927) and raising the price of grain (1928) but neither tactic provided a solution and rationing was introduced into Leningrad and Moscow in 1929.

Reaction of the Party - Diplomatic The moderation of the NEP had produced a brief thaw in the USSR’s relations with the west but by 1926 things were freezing over again. The moderation of the NEP had produced a brief thaw in the USSR’s relations with the west but by 1926 things were freezing over again. Germany was allowed to join the league in 1926, leaving the USSR the only major nation not a member. Germany was allowed to join the league in 1926, leaving the USSR the only major nation not a member. The same year, Marshal Pilsudski – a White army commander – took control of Poland. The same year, Marshal Pilsudski – a White army commander – took control of Poland. In 1927, the British government broke off diplomatic relations after a suspected communist plot. In 1927, the British government broke off diplomatic relations after a suspected communist plot.

Summary diagram of Stalin’s economic aims: A second revolution, this time from above, to modernise USSR Aim: To confirm his authority as leader To catch up with the economies of the Western world Motives: Collectivisation Industrialisation Means:

What is meant by “Collectivisation”? Using pages : 1. How did Stalin plan to finance industrialisation? 2. What does this reveal about his view of the importance of agriculture? 3. What were the two types of farms which were a part of collectivisation?

Teacher’s notes: as students enter the class. as students enter the class. Starter: keyword bingo to recap how Stalin consolidated his position. We are now going to look at his policies Starter: keyword bingo to recap how Stalin consolidated his position. We are now going to look at his policies Hand out worksheets, students to make notes and complete tasks from teacher-led discussion using the powerpoint. Hand out worksheets, students to make notes and complete tasks from teacher-led discussion using the powerpoint. Teacher to sum up with summary diagram, can explain term revolution from above and introduce gosplan. Teacher to sum up with summary diagram, can explain term revolution from above and introduce gosplan. Introduce collectivisation. Today we will look at the theory and practice of it. Next lesson we will start to look at the consequences. Introduce collectivisation. Today we will look at the theory and practice of it. Next lesson we will start to look at the consequences. Students to define key ideas of collectivisation, using pages from textbook. Students to define key ideas of collectivisation, using pages from textbook. Hand out the theory and practice of collectivisation sheet. Students will complete this based on teacher explanation of the theory – perhaps in the role of Stalin being hotseated? Could collectivise the desks? Hand out the theory and practice of collectivisation sheet. Students will complete this based on teacher explanation of the theory – perhaps in the role of Stalin being hotseated? Could collectivise the desks? The practice part of the notes to be taken from relevant part of collectivisation ppt. The practice part of the notes to be taken from relevant part of collectivisation ppt. Extension: explain Stalin’s motivations Extension: explain Stalin’s motivations Extension 2: diary entry of a kulak Extension 2: diary entry of a kulak Plenary: read a few diary entries Plenary: read a few diary entries