W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Applications of Nuclear Instruments and Methods 1

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 1.5T, Master Q-Body Coil 3D T1-FFE Low-high profile order 50 x 1.6 mm slices oc. 512 x 196 matrix FOV = 400 x 320 mm TE / TR = 1.3 / 5.0 ms WFS = 0.9 pix (± 62 kHz) Flip = 35° 18 seconds Breathhold 30 cc 2cc/sec. 18 Second MRI image!! 2

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging Positron e + (anti-matter) annihilates with electron e - (its matter equivalent of the same mass) to produce pure energy (photons, -rays). Energy and momentum balance require back-to-back (180 0 ) emission of 2 -rays of equal energy  detectors (NaI(Tl)) Positron emission tomographic slice through patient’s brain 3

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Positron Emission Tomography After administration of radioactive water: H 2 17 O to blood flow, after infarct episode  blood flow After administration of radioactive acetat: 11 CH 3 COOX  metabolism Loveland, Morrissey, Seaborg Positron emission tomographic image of the heart 4

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications DNA Analysis DNA sample decomposed into single strands, cut by enzymes into pieces, use electrophoresis to separate according to size, React separated segments with radio-labeled probe protein sequences, identify by auto-radiography 5

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Applications of Nuclear Instruments and Methods 6

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Nuclear Batteries with Really Long Lifetimes Nuclear battery: a radioactive source placed inside a capacitor emits  particles, which build up an electric charge on the plates, or deliver an electric current. Such batteries can operate for long durations, a major fraction of a century (e.g., t 1/2 =86 a) and can be made small enough to be used in implant pace makers. 7

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications Cancer Treatment with Neutrons Cyclotron accelerates protons, which generate a well defined secondary beam of neutrons with variable energy and range in tissue. Patient treatment station Treatment success rates of neutron and gamma irradiation 8

W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Applications 12 C Beam 12GeV Heavy ions (here 12 C) have a well- defined range in materials. They lose much of their kinetic energy shortly before complete stopping, leading to a radiation dose concentrated at the end of their range. This provides a non-intrusive surgical tool Radio Therapy 9