DEFINITION and FOCUS : PUBLIC / COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

 Public Health Nursing is a synthesis of public and nursing practice FREEMAN defined as a field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal,analytical and organization skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community

 WHO as a special field of nursing that combines skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance, and functions as apart of total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation and the prevention of illness and disability.

 WINSLOW defines public health as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, control of communicable diseases,the education of individuals in personal hygiene 6/18/11

Community Health Nursing (American Nurses Association ) is a synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations  (Phil. Dept. of Health ) is a unique blend of nursing and public health practice woven into a human service that, properly developed and applied has a tremendous impact on human well-being,

 CHN is a field of nursing practice where services are delivered outside of purely curative institutions,but community settings such as the home,the school,places of work,health centers and clinics.

BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE

➲ 1. The family is the unit of care, hence the community health nurse consider the health needs of all members of the family in providing nursing services. ➲ 2. The community as a whole is the locus of service and the patient. ➲ 3. The goal improving in community health is realized through multidisciplinary approach. ➲ 4. The community health nurse is deeply concerned with the increasing capability of her four levels of clientele – individual, family, population groups and community to deal with its own recognized needs and health problems.

➲ 5. The public health nurse works with end not for the client who is an active partner. ➲ 6. Practice is affected by changes in society in general and by development in health field in particular. ➲ 7. Community health nursing is a part of functions within a large and complex system and any change in this system affects it. ➲ PHILOSOPHY According to Dr. Margaret Shetland the philosophy of community health nursing is based on the worth and dignity of a man.

ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES  Case Manager  Advocates  Teacher  Partner and Collaborator  Health Planner / Programmer  Manager/Supervisor

 Community Organizer  Health Educator/Trainer  Case Finder  Epidemiologist  Recorder / Reporter / Statistician  Community Leader

DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS OF HEALTH: A COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

➲ (WHO) defined health as a “ state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity “ ➲ The modern concept of health refers to optimum level of individuals, families and communities. ➲ Health which is viewed as a continuum, is consider as the goal of public health in general, and community health nursing, in particular.

Eco-system influences optimum level of functioning

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH. ➲ Human Biology or heredity ➲ Environment ➲ Health Care System ➲ Behavioral/Lifestyle ➲ Political ➲ Socio-economic

Health promotion and Level of prevention in Public Health Level of prevention Objectives and Focus of Activities I. Primary prevention1. Health Promotion 2. Specific protection II. Secondary prevention 3. Early diagnosis 4.Prompt treatment III. Tertiary5. Rehabilitation

➲ Primary prevention consists of activities which are undertaken before disease strikes and are applied to generally healthy people in order to keep them well ➲ Health promotion consists of activities aimed at maintaining or enhancing people's physical,mental or social well- being ➲ Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease

➲ Specific protection refers to activities which protect people from specific and known potential or actual threats to health, such as certain diseases or accidental injuries.It involves the identification and reduction of risk and hazards to health. ➲ Secondary Prevention includes activities for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of disease or health problem which has not been prevented,with the objectives of halting its progress, minimizing its severity, shortening its duration,preventing or reducing its complications, and bringing about cure

➲ Tertiary prevention consists of activities which are done when the disease process, an injury or a calamity has already exacted its damage and ill effects, with consequent disability or loss of function in varying degrees. The objective of rehabilitation is to restore the patient to an optimum level of functioning within the constraints imposed by the disability