UNIT III Classification of Matter

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Systems and Phases (some definitions) SYSTEM → _________________________________________ PHASE → __________________________________________ Ex: water and oil (2 phase system) you can see the ___________________ between where each exists

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ATOM: is the simplest type of matter – ______________________________________________ cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter examples: _________________________________ most elements occur naturally as individual atoms, but some elements occur naturally in molecular form: a MOLECULE is ____________________________ _______________________________________________

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER COMPOUND: _______________________________ _______________________________________________ the elements in a compound are not just mixed together but their atoms have joined chemically examples: ____________________________________

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Difference between a molecule and a compound?

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ION: _______________________________________

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER MIXTURE: a group of _____ or more __________________ that are physically intermingled there are ________________________________________ ________________________________________________ the substances are mixed _______________________but are not _______________________ bound mixtures can be SEPARATED into their components by physical changes

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

*All substances can be divided into Homogeneous Substances (___________________) Heterogeneous Substances (___________________)

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

SOLUTION: _________________________________ _______________________________________________ SOLVENT is the component in a solution which exists in _____________________________ SOLUTE is the component in a solution which exists in ______________________________ example: salt mixed in water

III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

*aqueous solutions are solutions where the solvent is water. The subscript (aq) indicates that a compound is in aqueous solution. * when water exists in solution, we call water the solvent EVEN if it exists in LESSER quantity. QUESTIONS: p. 52 #

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES There are many ways to separate one substance from another: A. HAND SEPARATION: a mechanical mixture can be separated by hand (or sieve) B. FILTRATION: separation of _______________ from _________________ (mechanical mixtures) cannot be used to separate ______________ solids from a liquid

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

C. EVAPORATION: -separates the solid from a liquid solution by boiling away the ______________ (evaporation) and leaving the ______________behind. D. DISTILLATION: separates liquids from the liquid-in-liquid solution. boil away the liquid with the ____________ boiling point and collect in a separate container.

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES Distillation Apparatus: 14/materials/match3pg1.html

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES E. SOLVENT EXTRACTION: 2 ways: extracts a ______________ from a mechanical mixture of solids __________________________________________________ extracts a _____________________________ (or solid) from a liquid solution __________________________________________________ Terms: 2 liquids that are mutually soluble in each other = 2 liquids that are insoluble in each other =

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES Solvent (liquid )Extraction:

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES F. RECRYSTALLIZATION: when the solid in a liquid solution is separated in a pure and crystalline state (Removes _______________) a ________________ solution of a solid is prepared in a suitable solvent (saturated – enough to dissolve solid) tmlhttp://orgchem.colorado.edu/hndbksupport/cryst/crystproc.h tml G. GRAVITY SEPARATION: separate desired solids from a mechanical mixture based on their __________________ mechanical shakers or centrifuges agitate a mixture of low and high density materials ex:

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES H. PAPER, COLUMN and THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY: used to separate small amounts of solid-in-liquid solutions containing ____ or more dissolved solids which are _________________ or can be reacted to form ___________________.

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES Paper chromatography The original black ink was separated using an ethanol and water mixture solvent.

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES Paper chromatography

III.4 THE PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES Column chromatography QUESTIONS: p. 58 #