Central nervous system (CNS)Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Motor (efferent) divisionSensory (afferent) division Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division

Skeletal muscle Cell bodies in central nervous system Peripheral nervous systemEffect + + Effector organs ACh Smooth muscle (e.g., in gut), glands, cardiac muscle Ganglion Adrenal medullaBlood vessel ACh NE Epinephrine and norepinephrine Acetylcholine (ACh)Norepinephrine (NE) Ganglion Heavily myelinated axon Lightly myelinated preganglionic axon Lightly myelinated preganglionic axons Neuro- transmitter at effector Unmyelinated postganglionic axon Unmyelinated postganglionic axon Stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on neuro- transmitter and receptors on effector organs Single neuron from CNS to effector organs Two-neuron chain from CNS to effector organs SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PARASYMPATHETIC SYMPATHETIC

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.. Salivary glands Eye Skin* Heart Lungs Liver and gall- bladder Genitals Pancreas Eye Lungs Bladder Liver and gall- bladder Pancreas Stomach Cervical Sympathetic ganglia Cranial Lumbar Thoracic Genitals Heart Salivary glands Stomach Bladder Adrenal gland ParasympatheticSympathetic Sacral Brain stem L1L1 T1T1

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.. Pterygopalatine ganglion Eye Lacrimal gland Nasal mucosa Ciliary ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion Submandibular and sublingual glands CN III CN VII CN IX CN X Otic ganglion Parotid gland Heart Lung Liver and gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Urinary bladder and ureters Small intestine Large intestine S2S2 Pelvic splanchnic nerves Genitalia (penis, clitoris, and vagina) Rectum Celiac plexus Inferior hypogastric plexus Cardiac and pulmonary plexuses S4S4 Preganglionic Postganglionic Cranial nerve

. Spinal cord Dorsal root ganglion Autonomic ganglion Stimulus Response Visceral sensory neuron Integration center May be preganglionic neuron (as shown) May be a dorsal horn interneuron May be within walls of gastrointestinal tract Sensory receptor in viscera Visceral effector Efferent pathway (two-neuron chain) Preganglionic neuron Ganglionic neuron 4