HCAL Summary CMS Upgrade Workshop November 10, 2011 Jeremiah Mans University of Minnesota

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 2 HCAL Upgrade Overview ● Main idea : replace phototransducers to reduce noise and improve performance ● Realizing the benefit for physics requires an increase in channel count and a new ADC, data link ● Increased data volumes require upgraded backend electronics ● Backend must be installed and commissioned in parallel with CMS operations before frontend: “big bang” approach is unacceptable QIE10

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 3 Questions: SiPM ● Need devices with sufficient pixel capacity, recovery speed, radiation tolerance ● Several excellent candidates, including impressive new vendors (Ketek) ● Testing ongoing using both teststands and testbeam ● Optical mixing is important for SiPMs to effectively use the dynamic range : R&D to continue Muon Ketek

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 4 Questions: SiPM Total Dose Effects ● Tested Hamamatsu SiPM array before and after irradiation at the PS irradiation facility ● Irradiated to HL-LHC total dose levels ● Results are encouraging, raise a few questions ● Will there be any problems with the QIE swallowing this amount of charge from pedestals? ● Should we plan the mechanics to make the SiPM volume sealed and dry enough for significantly reduced operational temperatures? HPK Muon/Pedestal at Zero Dose, 20° C HPK Muon/Pedestal after 4500 fb -1, 20° C HPK Muon/Pedestal after 4500 fb -1, 5° C

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 5 SiPM : Neutron Behavior 10 7 neutrons/cm 2 over 300 ms ECAL APD at gain 200 PIN diodes FBK, ZEC, Ketek SiPMs Large, slow signals seen in Hamamatsu, still under study Neutron signals observed with oscilloscope during SiPM irradiation

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 6 Questions: Detector Segmentation QIE ● Physics studies done to this point indicate that three segments in HB seem to be sufficient ● Layer 0, shower-max, deep segment ● More than one SiPM needed in the deep segment ● Detector robustness against SiPM failure can be improved by interleaving connections to the several SiPMs, allowing a failed SiPM to be turned off

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 7 HF Multianode PMTs ● HF replacement PMTs have thinner windows, metal cases, and multiple anodes : tubes will be installed in LS1 ● All will help reduce impact of charged particles passing through the PMTs, as will the TDC capability of QIE10 ● Multianode techniques have been tested with both P5 and testbeam data ● Multianode and TDC capabilities require upgraded electronics ● Choice between 2-anode or 4-anode readout will be important as a cost driver and for engineering complexity

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 8 QIE10: Excellent Progress ● Common project with ATLAS ● Specifications ● 8-bit multi-scale ADC (dynamic range of ) ● 6-bit rising-edge TDC ● Charge-injection calibration capability (covering full range of ADC) ● Serial data output (reduced power consumption) ● Serial parameter programming ● Discriminated signal output for optional external TDC ● Early November design submission should meet all of these specifications except for those in blue which are newer and require some additional development

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 9 GBT: Key Component, Progress ● GBT has two roles in the upgrade ● Secure duplex link for front-end control (ngCCM) ● Fast uplink for data readout ● Over the last year, HCAL has taken stronger involvement in this effort ● Development of test fixtures ● Testing of firmware ● Industry-standard 8b10b data format will be included in the next revision of the GBT, for transmission only ● Continues to be an area of focused interest, but seems likely to meet operational requirements and schedule requirements

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 10 Upgrade FE Controls ● Replacement for the current CCM is planned to resolve several problems and risks associated with the current hardware ● Single-points-of-failure ● Configuration and monitoring are slow ● Too much complexity in the front-end ● Replacement introduces nearest-neighbor connections for redundancy ● Simpler, state-less on-detector electronics (i2c lines driven directly from counting-room electronics via GBT) UVA, Maryland

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 11 Backend: Multiphase ● The development of the upgraded uTCA readout electronics is driven by the goals of upgrading the HB/HE and HF front-ends, which requires higher bandwidth and more capacity than the current electronics. ● In the near term, the upgraded electronics must also be able to operate with the current front-ends and allow phased replacement of the front-ends ● To allow the production and deployment of the backend electronics in preparation to receive the upgraded data links, we must demonstrate both sets of capabilities over the next 14 months.

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 12 Parasitic Operation (2012) ● Overall goal is to demonstrate uTCA electronics capable of running HCAL at 1.6 Gbps (4.8 Gbps validation at B904) ● Immediate focus on HF, as this is the region where front-end replacement would likely come first ● Use optical splitting on optical signal from the front-end (384 channels) to provide parallel current and upgrade branches ● Cross-compare for validation ● Trigger validation (P5 or B.904) for link stability tests ● cDAQ validation at 100 kHz ● HF lumi histogramming HCAL Upgrade Crate Trigger Upgrad e Crate(s) CDAQ FRL Crate for Upgrades Global DAQ HCAL Crate Trigg er Crate s Optical Splitter Lu mi

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 13 Hardware and Software Status AMC13 miniCTR2

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 14 Schedule for 2012 ● Splitter installation: 2nd-half January ● Synchronization tests with beam : March ● Prototype cards built by US (35%), India (65%) ● Local DAQ tests (0.1 Hz common events in Commissioning stream) : May ● Tests with protoduction prototype uHTR cards: August/September ● Global DAQ tests (details of connection into Global DAQ under discussion) : September ● Trigger link synchronization tests in 904, possibly P5 depending on availability of hardware

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 15 LS1* ● Production readiness review for backend electronics: Feb/March 2013 ● Installation of full set of optical splitters: March-July 2013* ● Installation of HF PMTs and cables (keeping original electronics) : March-December 2013* ● Production of HF backend electronics : April-Sept 2013* ● One additional round of DTC/AMC13 expected to provide 10 Gbit output : schedule to be determined in conjunction with cDAQ ● Schedule space for one update to uHTR design if needed ● Burn-in/installation of HF backend electronics: Oct 2013-April 2014* ● Install full set of HB/HE backend uTCA crates (empty) * subject to approval and funding!

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 16 Beyond LS1* ● Production of HB/HE backend driven by multiple considerations ● One year ahead of FE replacement (likely LS2) ● Support of L1-trigger upgrade (2015?) ● Funding availability ● Production of HF front-end driven by upgrade to HF, to gain full function of the PMTs/background rejection ● ngCCM is an integral part of the HF front-end upgrade ● Major subcomponent dates (indicative) ● Full function QIE10 (late 2012) ● SiPM vendor decision (late 2012/early 2013) ● GBT chipset availability (early 2013) ● HB/HE Front-Ends to be ready for installation in extended TS or LS2 * subject to approval and funding!

November 10, 2011 HCAL Summary :: J. Mans 17 Conclusion ● HCAL R&D has made major progress over the last several years ● Nearing solutions for many key components: (SiPMs, QIE10, GBT) ● R&D remains on several items and significant engineering will be required to integrate full systems ● Backend electronics have moved from R&D to development or even pre-production ● Parasitic testing in 2012 to be crucial for validation ● Cooperation with trigger and DAQ groups is very important and is going well – several common projects underway