Lecture~ 2 Chapter 28 ( ) Objective~ Understand how 1 fateful mistake destroyed Hitler.

Hitler Invades Poland Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg = Lightning War Invasion started WWII Division of Poland –Hitler West/Stalin east

The Alliance System Axis Powers –Germany, Italy, & Japan Allied Powers –Britain & France

The Phony War Blitzkrieg –Swept through Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

The Fall of France Maginot Line~ Hitler’s surprise –The Ardennes Forest Miracle at Dunkirk –300,000 Fr. troops

June France surrendered

The Vichy Gov Leader~ Marshal Philippe Pétain –Worked w/ Axis Powers Resistance –General Charles DeGaulle "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" replaced with "Work, Family, Fatherland".

Britain Stands Alone ~ Battle of Britain Prime Minister~ Winston Churchill –… “We shall never surrender” Operation Sea Lion-1940 –Air Battle (Luftwaffe & the Royal Air Force (RAF))

The Blitz ( ) 2 months straight Radar & Enigma (German code-making machine) Operation Sea lion FAILED

Battle of Britain called off focus on E. Europe

Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000 U. S.~ Isolated? Lend-Lease Act 1941 –*Sell/lend materials to “any country whose defense is vital to the U.S.” The Atlantic Charter 1941

Axis Armies Expand Africa General Erwin Rommel (the desert fox) –Very successful in N. Africa Italy (with help) took over Greece & Yugoslavia Bulgaria & Hungary joined Axis

Hitler invades the USSR (June 22, 1941) Operation Barbarossa –Nazi’s advance –Scorched earth policy...(again) Same day Napoleon launched his disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812

Battle of Stalingrad Nov 1942 German’s ready to take Moscow & Stalingrad –controlled 90% of city. Then winter sets in!!! Soviets counterattacked German ArmyRussian Army 1,011,500 men1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks894 tanks 1,216 planes1,115 planes

Not One Step Back!!! January 24, 1943 "Surrender is forbidden. 6 Army will hold their positions to the last man and the last round and by their heroic endurance will make an unforgettable contribution towards the establishment of a defensive front and the salvation of the Western world." Hitler's communication with von Paulus. Feb. 2, 1943~ 90,000 frostbitten, half-starved German troops surrendered to the Soviets

Results of the Invasion Opened up a two- front war for Germany –Failure for Germany USSR joined the Allied side

Japan Seeks a Pacific Empire Threatened American-controlled Philippine Islands, Guam, & Hawaii. As a result U.S. gov. sent aid to strengthen Chinese resistance. Also cut off oil, iron, and steel shipments to Japan

Sunk/damaged 18 ships (8 battleships) 2,400 Americans were killed (1000s wounded) General Hideki Tojo ordered attack

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Monday, December 8, U. S. and Britain declare war on Japan President (FDR) Roosevelt’s famous speech –" December 7, a date which will live in infamy..." Awakening the Sleeping Giant…

Fall of Southeast Asian colonies Japan seized control of rich U.S & European colonies. –Guam and Wake Islands –The Philippine Islands –Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies Japan replenished depleted resources & cut China off from trade

Revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent 16 B-52 bombers to bomb Japanese cities. Doolittle’s raid on Japan

Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) Japanese and American naval fleets fought to a draw Introduced a new kind of naval warfare using only airplanes; stopped Japan’s expansion southward

Battle of Midway (June 1942) Goal to finish off the U.S. Pacific fleet (key American airfield.) United States Navy defeated the Japanese Navy The first American victory against Japan, reversed the tide of war in favor of U.S

Battle of Guadalcanal 1942 U.S. marines seized Japanese airfield and fought on land/sea for control of island Japan forced to abandon island; began Douglas MacArthur’s island-hopping counterattack. *Island Hop past Japanese strong points focus on weak first

Japanese internment camps Feb 19, –62% were native-born Am. citizens Residents of German & Italian descent also interned –11,000 G. –3,000 It.

Important Camps Manzanar War Relocation Center Tule Lake War Relocation Center Heart Mountain War Relocation Center