Colonization and Settlement Spanish, French, and English Settlements in North America

Settlements and Geography

Spanish Settlements Spanish colonies sponsored by the Crown Gained wealth for Spain Settlements located in Southwest of present- day US, Central America, South America, and Florida First permanent Spanish settlement – St. Augustine (1565)

French Settlements Trading posts in Newfoundland following the exploration of St. Lawrence River Also, settlements in Canada and the Mississippi River area Quebec (1608) – first permanent French settlement Louisiana settled in the late 1600s

English Settlements Most colonies established by royal charter Jamestown first permanent settlement (1607) Massachusetts founded as a Puritan settlement Influence spread along the Eastern coast

Population and Populatin Growth

Spanish Settlements Conquistadors Missionaries Soldiers Farmers and traders –later Slow growth due to emphasis on conquest and poor relations with Native Americans Largest settlements in California, Texas, Florida, and Mexico

French Fur traders Merchants Missionaries 1665 – French soldiers were given land Slow growth Population centered in Canada and Louisiana

English Settlements Middle class farmers, artisans, tradesmen Indentured servants Skilled workers (lumbermen, sawmill workers Immigrants from other countries welcomed Rapid growth due to liberal immigration policies 1627 – Virginia has 1000 settlers; by 1754 – total population in English colonies had grown to 1.5 million

Government

Spanish Settlements Governed by appointed viceroys, or governors No self-government

French Settlement Ruled by King No political rights or representative government Public meetings required permission

Relations with Native Americans

Spanish Settlements Missionaries wanted to convert Native Americans Soldiers killed them, or enslaved them

French Settlements Missionaries wanted to convert Native Americans Fur Trade forged a bond of mutual respect Allies against the British

English Settlements Initially friendly Early settlers relied on Native Americans for trade and help surviving Greed for land led to conflicts

English Settlements Some self-government due to distance from England Representative assemblies Not allowed to take up arms against England House of Burgesses

Religion

Spanish Settlements Catholics Protestants persecuted and driven out

French Settlements Protestants initially played a role 1659 largely French Catholic

English Settlements Mostly Protestants Some tolerance Massachusetts Bay – Puritans Pennsylvania – Quaker Maryland –haven for Catholics

Economy

Spanish Settlements Trading economy Some farming in the west Traded controlled by Spain Regulations enforced by military

French Settlements Encouraged farming Mostly fur trade Plantations established on Mississippi River failed

English Settlements Diverse economic activities Farming, fishing, trading Exports: tobacco, rice, timber, fish Virginia and NC – tobacco main cash crop South Carolina – rice and indigo main cash crops

All Maps that Follow are from Maps.com

New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

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