Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German lexicography today Annette Klosa (Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Outline 2 1.German (online) dictionaries – a survey 2.Tendencies in (academic) lexicography a)corpus-based approach b)innovative presentation of lexical information c)the dictionary and its user 3.Summary and outlook

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 3  in Germany: both, academic lexicography (academies of science, Institut für Deutsche Sprache) and commercial lexicography (publishing houses: Duden, Langenscheidt, PONS, Wahrig)  academic lexicography: specific, non-profit, mostly monolingual dictionary projects  publishing houses: cover the market of general and learners‘ monolingual and bilingual dictionaries

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 4  rich lexicographic tradition for German with very many different dictionary types, e.g. dialect dictionaries, dictionaries for the historical varieties of German, new word dictionaries, loan word dictionaries  orthographic dictionaries like „Duden – Die deutsche Rechtschreibung“ are well known by the general public  „Deutsches Wörterbuch“ by Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm is still also known and used (especially the online version)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 5  publication of German dictionaries in print, on CD-ROM, on electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones), on the Internet  focus in this talk on monolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German  latest German monolingual dictionaries are mostly online dictionaries – no recent new print editions of „Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache“ (6 volumes, last edition ) or „Duden – Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache“ (10 volumes, 1999)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 6  some new printed monolingual dictionaries for German as a second language (Hueber-Duden 2007, Langenscheidt 2010, Pons 2010)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 7 Monolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:  orthographic dictionary, dictionary of German as a second language (plus bilingual dictionaries)  an online dictionary of German compiled from several printed Duden dictionaries with a focus on orthography, synonyms and meaning

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 8 Monolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:  „Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache“ containing an online version of „Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache“ plus thesaurus and etymological dictionary, a German reference corpus and word profiles

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft German (online) dictionaries 9 Monolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:  a corpus-based online dictionary of contemporary German published in the dictionary portal OWID ( which also contains a new word dictionary, a dictionary of proverbs, etc.  elexiko is still under construction; it takes many different linguistic, metalexicographic and corpuslinguistic ideas and methods into consideration

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 10 a)Corpus based approach:  frequency of a headword (absolute, relative, throughout time)  KWIC-lines  quotations from the dictionary corpus  collocates and word profiles  constructions with a headword  grammatical variation  etc.

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 11 a) Corpus based approach: frequency in in Frequency information on Konferenz in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 12 a)Corpus based approach: frequency in „Neologismenwörterbuch“ in Frequency of Konsole

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 13 a) Corpus based approach: KWIC-lines KWIC-lines for Konferenz in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 14 a) Corpus based approach: quotations Automatically compiled corpus quotations for Konferenz in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 15 a) Corpus based approach: quotations Corpus quotations (manually chosen) for Ende gut, alles gut (‚All‘s well that ends well‘) in „Sprichwörterbuch“ in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 16 a) Corpus based approach: collocates Computer generated adjective collocates for lemma Konferenz in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 17 a) Corpus based approach: collocates Computer generated adjective collocates for lemma Konferenz in cloud view in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 18 a) Corpus based approach: collocates Lexicographically chosen adjective collocates for lemma Krise (arranged in sets of questions [= slots] and answers [= fillers]) in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 19 a) Corpus based approach: constructions Constructions with lemma Krise taken from the corpus in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 20 a) Corpus based approach: grammatical variation Variation of genitive singular form for lemma Dialog with information on relative frequency in

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 21 b) Innovative presentation of lexical information in printed dictionaries: use of a second colour, special information in boxes, sometimes illustrations Hueber-Duden (2007)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 22 b) Innovative presentation of lexical information in electronic dictionaries:  colours throughout  disorganization and reorganization of information into several panels, pop-up windows, screens

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 23 b) Innovative presentation of lexical information in electronic dictionaries:  information presented in lists, groups, clouds, tables, etc.  hyperlinks  multi media elements (sound files, illustra- tions, videos)

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 24 c) The dictionary and its user: contact with users  direct contact with the user is offered mostly by non-academic dictionaries as a marketing instrument, e.g. Duden  other marketing instruments are facebook sites, twitter news, or newsletters

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 25 d) The dictionary and its user: contact with users  academic dictionary projects are more reluctant in this respect, some try to make their project better known to the general public via new social media in which the online version of „Deutsches Wörterbuch“ (J. and W. Grimm) is available

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 26 d) The dictionary and its user: usage research  in the academic context: research into dictionary use and usage studies, e.g. at the IDS  for elexiko: two online studies with over participants  one of the goals for these studies: to further improve the usability of elexiko with the results obtained  other studies at the IDS: investigating the social situations, in which online dictionaries are being consulted, and different user demands (see

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 27 d) The dictionary and its user: usage research  example: Do dictionary users prefer alphabetic order or order according to frequency of words, e.g. for word formation products given for a headword?

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Tendencies in (academic) lexicography 28 d) The dictionary and its user: usage research  results: preference for alphabetic order, linguists prefer order by frequency  outcome: elexiko offers both ways of ordering word formation products, alphabetic order is default Compounds with Computer in with possibiliy to order by alphabet or by frequency

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Summary and outlook 29  wide range of dictionaries and dictionary projects in Germany  online dictionaries become more and more important, for publishing houses as well as in the academic context  design and usability of online dictionaries still varies to a large extent  contact with users has intensified; there are half-collobarative (e.g., the bilingual LEO-dictionaries, and collaborative dictionary projects (e.g., the German wiktionary,  studies into dictionary use will become even more important in the future

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Summary and outlook 30  the dictionary landscape in Germany will continue to change, as sales figures for print dictionaries drop constantly, and the number of people using google to look up orthography, meaning, and usage of words, increases steadily  academic lexicographers and publishing houses have to combine their endeavours, if the high quality standard of German lexicography is to be maintained  a network like the „Academic Network of Internet Lexicography“ ( funded by the German Research Foundation), is one of the initiatives needed in this context

Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Thank you for your attention! 31