课标人教实验版 高二 Module 6 Unit 4

Speaking ＆ Listening 广东 刘超英

Warming up List Things that use energy Sources of energy Renewable / non-renewable

Fossil fuel ( 化石燃料 ) : Ancient animal and plant material below the surface of the earth with a high carbon content, such as coal, oil and natural gas, which can be burnt to produce energy. Also known as non-renewable energy because once they are used they have gone forever; they cannot be renewed.

From the following pictures, you will know where all this energy comes from. windmills a coal power station

an oil refinery a nuclear power plant

solar panels hydro-electric dam

Sample lists Things that use energy Sources of energy Renewable / non-renewable light heating coal non-renewable oil non-renewable

television cassette player video recorder computer natural gas non- renewable wind (wind power) renewable sun (solar energy) renewable uranium (nuclear energy) non- renewable

fridge stove washing machine hairdryer water( hydro- electric) renewable plant waste (biomass energy) renewable hot springs or geysers (geothermal energy) renewable the sea (tidal energy) renewable

Renewable or non-renewable? √

Renewable or non-renewable? √

Renewable Energy Renewable energy sources, such as the sun, wind, rain, and plant matter, naturally and continually "renew" themselves.

These renewable energy sources are: o Biomass - organic (plant, animal) materials o Geothermal - the heat of the earth o Hydroelectric - energy from flowing or falling water (streams, dams)

Ocean energy - from waves, tides, or temperature differences in the ocean o Solar - from the sun (two types of systems: solar thermal and photovoltaic) o Wind - from the wind

What is told in the picture?

non-renewable energy source

Notes to Renewable energy Renewable energy resources may be used directly, or used to create other more convenient forms of energy. Examples of direct use are solar ovens, geothermal ( 地温 ) heating, and water and windmills.

Examples of indirect use which require energy harvesting are electricity generation through wind turbines( 涡轮 ) or photovoltaic( 光电 的 ) cells, or production of fuels such as ethanol( 酒精 ) from biomass( 生物 量 ).

Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows.

Most renewable energy, other than geothermal and tidal power, ultimately( 基本上 ) come from the Sun. Some forms are stored solar energy such as rainfall and wind power which are considered short-term solar- energy storage,

whereas the energy in biomass( 生物量 ) is accumulated( 积聚 ) over a period of months, as in straw, or through many years as in wood.

Capturing renewable energy by plants, animals and humans does not permanently deplete( 耗尽 ) the resource. Fossil fuels, while theoretically renewable on a very long time-scale, are exploited at rates that may deplete these resources in the near future.

Listening and Discussing I. Listen to the tape and answer and decide which statement Professor Chen does NOT agree with. 1. We'll have to stop using fossil fuels. 2. About 90% of the world's energy comes from fossil fuels.

3. We can replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy. 4. Nuclear power is a good source of energy. 5. In the future, we'll need new technologies to replace fossil fuels. 6. It's the developed countries who are to blame for producing most of the carbon dioxide.

A sample discussion Sa: I agree with Li Bin. It is the developed countries that put most of the carbon dioxide into the air, so the developed countries are really the ones to blame and to pay for that.

Sb: Well, I'm afraid I disagree with you. Professor Chen is right. Whatever we do, we have to do it as a global community. Developed and developing countries should work together to improve the environment.

Sc: I hold the same viewpoint as Li Bin. In developed countries people are producing a large amount of carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming. Isn't it their duty to do something to decrease the speed of global warming? Sa: Exactly.

Sd: It is true that the developed countries are the ones to blame and they should do something. But is it right for developing countries to look on without doing anything? Remember we have only one earth, which is like a big family.

All of us are family members. Think about this: In a family, if one child makes a mistake, what should his brothers or sisters do---blame him without doing anything or help him correct the mistake?

Sa: I see. We should take part in the action instead of looking on and complaining. Sc: I agree, too. Thank you. I've got a better understanding about this.

Listening text (P31) Background note The USA is the largest energy user in the world and the largest producer of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. China comes second in both of these.

China has been going through huge economic development, and has had as much growth in one decade as the industrial world experienced in nearly a century. However, it has been at a high cost to the environment.

FOSSIL FUELS AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY Li Bin, a university student, is interviewing Professor Chen on the local student radio station about the use of fossil fuels and other sources of energy.

LI BIN: Professor Chen, I've read that we’ll have to stop using fossil fuels if we want to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. CHEN: Yes, that's right, Li Bin. However, this will be very difficult.

You see, our modern industrial societies depend on the energy we get from fossil fuels. It's a very concentrated and cheap form of energy. So we're going to keep using it and therefore keep putting carbon dioxide into the air.

LI BIN: Is it true that about 90% of the world's energy comes from fossil fuels? CHEN: Yes, that's correct. And there is enough coal, gas and oil to last for centuries.

LI BIN: Can't we just replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy like sun or wind power? CHEN: I'm afraid not. It's not that simple. Renewable energy is not concentrated enough.

And you need huge areas of land to produce large quantities. It's just not possible - not with the technology we have at present anyway.

LI BIN: What about nuclear power? That's a good source of energy. CHEN: Yes, I agree. It's concentrated and doesn't produce carbon dioxide but there is a limited amount of uranium --- the material you need to make nuclear power.

And many people don't like it because of past accidents --- like the one at Chernobyl. LI BIN: So what can we do?

CHEN: Well, we need to find ways of using fossil fuels that don't put carbon dioxide into the air. And we need to produce more products that use less energy. It would also help a little if individuals cut down on the energy they used.

LI BIN: But, sometime in the future, we'll need new technologies that will replace fossil fuels. CHEN: Exactly. However, whatever we do, we have to do it as a global community. That means developed and developing countries will have to work together.

LI BIN: But it's not the developing countries who put most of the carbon dioxide into the air. The developed countries are really the ones to blame.

CHEN: Yes, that's true. But, we still have to work together because global warming is going to affect everyone. If our children and our children's children are to have a good future, we must ALL look after this planet.

Homework 1. Review the new words and expressions you learned in this class. 2. Preview Reading.