United States History Assessment 2 Notes

The Great Depression The Great Depression was a result of many different factors that include: The Dust Bowl The Stock Market Crash Consumer and Government Spending Buying on margin Increase in tariffs

The Great Depression “Buying on margin” refers to a stock broker who puts a down payment on a stock before purchasing the entire stock itself.

The Great Depression Makeshift communities of homeless people outside the cities began developing and became known as Hoovervilles.

The Great Depression One factor contributing to the Great Depression was that the high tariff imposed on European goods caused a decline in international trade.

F.D.R and The New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt planned on putting people to work during the Great Depression with his New Deal agencies also known as Alphabet Soup. Under the programs Franklin D. Roosevelt created to combat the Great Depression, the government became more involved in people’s lives.

New Deal Agencies Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): Basic reform measure dealing with banking. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA): focused their efforts on setting quotas for farmers.

D-Day On June 6, 6:30am the United States launched a two phase assault on the European country of Normandy making the largest land, air, and sea invasion in military history.

Pearl Harbor For Much of World War II the United States tried to maintain its neutrality. Lend-Lease Act broke the neutrality of the United States and allowed Franklin D. Roosevelt to ship war materials to Great Britain

Pearl Harbor Japans attack on Pearl Harbor caused the United States to enter WWII and choose a side. “Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 – date which will live in infamy...” was said by Franklin D. Roosevelt and refers to Japan’s attack on the U.S at Pearl Harbor.

World War II “Rosie the Riveter” The name given to female workers on the home front of World War II

The Holocaust The Holocaust is defined as a great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life The Term Holocaust in English means catastrophe. The creation of German concentration camps had a direct impact on the civilian casualty rate in Eastern Europe.

Japanese-Americans After WWII On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an Executive Order relocating 110,000 Japanese Americans from the West Coast into internment camps.

The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was the American policy in 1947 of providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. It was the start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion; it was also a major step in beginning the Cold War.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATO was organized to prevent the spread of Communism and ensure a military alliance with Western Europe. The United States joined NATO to try an achieve world peace. The U.S made a pact with the countries of Western Europe for its defense against communism.

Civil Rights Movement Main Goal: Gain passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. Main Leaders Martin Luther King, Jr. – speaker to integrate society with nonviolence Rosa Parks – Montgomery bus boycott

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Goals: Integration Ban of literacy tests and poll taxes Creation of Black Colleges and Universities

Brown v. Board of Education Goal of Court Case: Integration of Public Schools Decision: Separate educational facilities are unconstitutional

President Eisenhower & Brown vs. Board of Edu. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas Purpose: Use the power of the federal government to support the Supreme Court’s decision.

Supreme Court Case Gideon v. Wainwright If you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed to you. War Powers Act Restricts the President’s power as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.