What is cancer?

Cancer Development of abnormal cells Divide uncontrollably Can infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue

Development of the disease Initiator: causes a genetic mutation Promoter: causes rapid cell growth Progressor: causes cancer to become aggressive and spread

How does cancer grow? Cells “forget” to die on schedule with cell cycle One becomes two, two becomes four, four becomes eight…tumor forms Tumor grows Attracts own blood vessels Gets nourishment and oxygen Not all cancers form tumors Leukemia, cancer of the blood cells

Time to develop Decades Accumulation of mutations Usually detected after 100 million to 1 billion cells have already developed Original cancer cell about 5 years prior

What does cancer look like? The image of the normal colon tissue, at left, shows well-formed oval-shaped glands, evenly lined with a single, organized layer of cells indicated by arrows. The image of the cancerous colon tissue, in contrast, shows highly disorganized cancer cells stacked upon each other in an apparently random fashion. © Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.com," "EmbodyHealth," "Reliable tools for healthier lives," "Enhance your life," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

What is Cancer?

Skin cancer

FACES of CANCER 1.Read the outside of envelope 2.Complete team summary Section 1 3.Open envelope and read each card out loud to your team. 4.Fill in Section 2 – Team’s Cancer History 5.Fill in Section 3 – Possible Risk Factors 6.Compile class data 7.Answer conclusion questions

NoFamily History 1-2A 9 Yes 15 Age when diagnosed 0-19yrs20-39 yrs40-59 yrs60 + yrs Type of Cancer bladder brain other breast colon cervical pancreatic ovarian uterine Oral cavity skin lung retinoblastoma leukemiaprostate Viruses,Smoking,Unprotected sex,Drinking,Sun exporsure,Family History, (Genetic) Unsafe Work invironment 2 nd hand smoke, Allergies, poor Diet, Different medicines, Drugs Risk Factors

NoFamily History4/5 9 Yes 16 Age when diagnosed 0-19yrs20-39 yrs40-59 yrs60 + yrs Type of Cancer bladder brain other breast colon cervical pancreatic ovarian uterine Oral cavity skin lung retinoblastoma leukemiaprostate Smoking, Over exposure to sun, Unprotected sex, Alcohol, poor diet, stupidity, being hot and spicy, working conditions, drugs, infrequent check ups, lack of sheep, Risk Factors

NoFamily History 9/10 10 Yes 10 Age when diagnosed 0-19yrs20-39 yrs40-59 yrs60 + yrs Type of Cancer bladder brain other breast colon cervical pancreatic ovarian uterine Oral cavity skin lung retinoblastoma leukemiaprostate smoking, alcohol consumption, no regular doctor visits, prescription drugs, sun exposure, family history, viruses, unprotected sex, poor diet (no vegetables) Risk Factors

2007 Estimated US Cancer Cases* *Excludes basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinomas except urinary bladder. Source: American Cancer Society, Men 766,860 Women 678,060 26%Breast 15%Lung & bronchus 11%Colon & rectum 6%Uterine corpus 4%Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 4%Melanoma of skin 4% Thyroid 3%Ovary 3%Kidney 3%Leukemia 21%All Other Sites Prostate29% Lung & bronchus15% Colon & rectum10% Urinary bladder7% Non-Hodgkin4% lymphoma Melanoma of skin4% Kidney4% Leukemia 3% Oral cavity3% Pancreas2% All Other Sites19%

2007 Estimated US Cancer Deaths* ONS=Other nervous system. Source: American Cancer Society, Men 289,550 Women 270,100 26%Lung & bronchus 15%Breast 10%Colon & rectum 6%Pancreas 6%Ovary 4%Leukemia 3%Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 3%Uterine corpus 2%Brain/ONS 2% Liver & intrahepatic bile duct 23% All other sites Lung & bronchus31% Prostate9% Colon & rectum 9% Pancreas6% Leukemia4% Liver & intrahepatic4% bile duct Esophagus4% Urinary bladder3% Non-Hodgkin 3% lymphoma Kidney3% All other sites 24%

* For those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. Based on cancer cases diagnosed during 2001 to Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, by Site, Men, * † All Sites exclude basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder. SiteRisk All sites † 1 in 2 Prostate 1 in 6 Lung and bronchus1 in 12 Colon and rectum1 in 17 Urinary bladder ‡ 1 in 28 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma1 in 47 Melanoma1 in 49 Kidney1 in 61 Leukemia1 in 67 Oral Cavity1 in 72 Stomach1 in 89 ‡ Includes invasive and in situ cancer cases

Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer, by Site, Women, US, * SiteRisk All sites † 1 in 3 Breast 1 in 8 Lung & bronchus 1 in 16 Colon & rectum 1 in 19 Uterine corpus 1 in 40 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 55 Ovary 1 in 69 Melanoma 1 in 73 Pancreas 1 in 79 Urinary bladder ‡ 1 in 87 Uterine cervix 1 in 138 Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version Statistical Research and Applications Branch, NCI, * For those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. Based on cancer cases diagnosed during 2001 to † All Sites exclude basal and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ cancers except urinary bladder. ‡ Includes invasive and in situ cancer cases

Trends in the Number of Cancer Deaths Among Men and Women, US, Women Men Number of Cancer Deaths Men Women Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tape, 2004, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006.

Cancer Death Rates*, for Men, US, *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes , US Mortality Volumes , National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lung & bronchus Colon & rectum Stomach Rate Per 100,000 Prostate Pancreas LiverLeukemia

Cancer Death Rates*, for Women, US, *Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes , US Mortality Volumes , National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lung & bronchus Colon & rectum Uterus Stomach Breast Ovary Pancreas Rate Per 100,000