WATER IN MOTION Sekar.L INTRODUCTION  Water at motion becomes a complex physical substance.  Many aspects of fluid motion are still incompletely understood.

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Presentation transcript:

WATER IN MOTION Sekar.L

INTRODUCTION  Water at motion becomes a complex physical substance.  Many aspects of fluid motion are still incompletely understood.  But the major principles of flow are valid & apply to general activities.

THE MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF WATER MOTION  1. VISCOSITY  2. TURBULANCE  3. SPEED

VISCOSITY - اللزوجة

VISCOSITY Cont…  Liquids all share a property called viscosity, which refers to the magnitude of internal friction اللزوجة، والتي تشير الى حجم الخلافات الداخلية (Resistance caused by cohesive / attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid) تسبب مقاومة من قبل قوات متماسكة / جذابة بين جزيئات السائل specific to fluid.  Energy must be exerted to create movement & energy is never lost but rather transformed & stored as potential / kinetic energy.  يجب بذل الطاقة لخلق حركة والطاقة ولكن لم يفقد وتحولت بدلا من الطاقة المخزنة / المحتملة الحركية

 Fluids are in part defined by individual viscosity, expressed quantitatively as COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY. معامل اللزوجة  Coefficient of viscosity for a variety of fluids are as follows;  1. Water – 1.8 X 10ˉ³  2. Whole blood – 4 X 10ˉ³  3. Blood plasma – 1.5 X 10ˉ³  4. Engine oil – 200 X 10ˉ³  5. Glycerin – 1500 X 10ˉ³  6. Water vapor – X 10ˉ³

 The greater the coefficient, the more viscous the fluid & the more the force that is required to create movement within the fluid. زيادة معامل، وأكثر لزوجة السائل وأكثر ق وة ما هو مطلوب لخلق الحركة داخل السائل.  Water is intermediate in viscosity as liquids go, but still presents much resistance to movement.  المياه هي وسيطه في اللزوجة والسوائل تذهب ، ولكن لا يزال يقدم الكثير لحركة المقاومة

 Under turbulent flow conditions, this resistance increases.  في ظل ظروف تدفق المضطرب، وهذا يزيد من المقاومة.  Viscosity, with all its physical properties, is a quality that makes water a useful strengthening medium.  اللزوجة، مع جميع خصائصه ال جسدية، هو الذي يجعل من نوعية المياه وسيلة تعزيز م فيدة.

TURBULENCE  Turbulence is the term which denotes the eddies that follow in the wake of an object moving through a fluid. الاضطراب هو المصطلح الذي يدل على الدوامات الت ي تتبع في أعقاب كائن تتحرك من خلال السوائل  The degree of turbulence will depend on the speed of the movement. وسوف درجة من الاضطراب تعتمد على سرعة الحر كة

 Faster movements produce eddies & the energy in these eddies is dissipated, reducing the pressure & increasing the drag on the body. حركات أسرع إنتاج الدوامات والطاقة في هذه الدوامات يتبدد، والحد من الضغط وزيادة السحب عل ى الجسم  The shape of the body greatly influences the production of turbulence. شكل الجسم يؤثر بشكل كبير على إنتاج الاضطراب.

 Since any movement creates turbulence it may be used in hydrotherapy both to ASSIST & RESIST MOVEMENT.  ونظرا لاحتمال أي حركة يخلق الاضط راب استخدامه في المعالجة المائية على حد سواء لحركة مساعدة والمقاوم ة.

 The physiotherapist needs to understand the effects of turbulence not only in relation to the patient, but also in relation to her / his movements around the person being treated in order not to cause a loss of balance.  أخصائي العلاج الطبيعي يحتاج إلى فهم آثار الا ضطراب ليس فقط في ما يتعلق المريض، ولكن أيضا فيما يتعلق تحركاتهاتعريفه / حول شخص يعالجون حتى لا تتسبب في فقدان التوازن.

LAMINAR / STREAMLINE FLOW الرقائقي / تبسيط تدفق  LAMINAR / STREAMLINE FLOW: When water moves slowly inside a vessel, with all layers moving at same speed, the water is said to be in laminar / streamline flow.  الرقائقي / تدفق تبسيط : عندما يتح رك الماء ببطء داخل السفينة، مع جميع طبقات تتحرك بنفس السرعة، ويقال إن المياهليكون في الصفحي / تبسي ط تدفق

 In this type of water movement, all molecules are moving parallel to each other & paths do not cross.  في هذا النوع من حركة المياه، وجميع الجزيئات تتحرك موازية لبعضها البعض ومسارات لا الصليب.  Typically, laminar flow rates are slow.  عادة، ومعدلات تدفق الصفحي بطيئة

TURBULENT FLOW  TURBULENT FLOW: when water moves rapidly even minor oscillations create uneven flow & parallel paths are knocked out of alignment.  مضطرب التدفق : عندما يتحرك الماء بسرعة التذبذبات الطفيفة ح تى يتم إنشاء طرق التدفق غير المتوازن ومساراتمتوازية خارج المحاذاة.

 Within the mass of water, flow patterns arise that run dramatically out of parallel & may even set up paths running in opposite direction & these paths are called as eddy currents.  داخل كتلة من المياه، وأنماط تدفق تنشأ ينفد بشكل كبير من مجموعة موازية وربما حتى عن مسارات يعمل في الاتجاه المعاكس وتسمى هذه المسارات والتيارات الدوامية.  Turbulent flow absorbs energy at a much greater rate than laminar flow & the rate of energy absorption is determined by the internal friction of the fluid. This internal friction is called viscosity.  تدفق المضطرب تمتص الطاقة بمعدل أكبر بكثير من تدفق الصفحي ومعدل امتصاص الطاقة يتم تحديدها من قبل الاحتكاك الداخلي من السوائل. وهذا ما يسمى الاحتكاك الداخلي اللزوجة

 This turbulent movement may facilitate proprioceptive joint feedback.  قد تحدث هذه الحركة المضطربة تسهيل اقتراحات مشتركة المخصوص  Activity in water can be made more difficult by changing from a streamlined movement to unstreamlined movement.  ويمكن إجراء نشاط في الماء أكثر صعوبة من خلال تغيير من حركة مبسطة لحركة unstreamlin ed

DRAG CONTRIBUTION جر مساهمة  When an object moves relative to a fluid, it is subjected to the resistive effects of the fluid. This force is called DRAG FORCE & is caused by the fluid viscosity & turbulence.  عندما يكون الجسم يتحرك بالنسبة إلى السائل، يخضع لتأثيرات مقاوم من السوائل. وتسمى هذه القوة قوة السحب وتسببهلزوجة السائل والاض طراب.

TECHNOLOGIES TO AMPLIFY PHYSICAL PRICIPLES التكنولوجيات لتضخيم PRICIPLES البدنية  1. Buoyance force قوة الطفو may be increased زيادة by the use of – FLOATATION DEVICES تعويم أجهزة such as BELTS, TUBES or JACKETS.

 Such devices may assist the patient مساعدة المريض in maintaining a desired body position الحفاظ على وضع الجسم المطلوب, supporting a particular body part دعم جزء من الجسم خاصة or adding an additional force to overcome in strengthening activities. تعزيز الأنشطة  Devices that add surface area, such as FINNED BOOTS أحذية ذات الزعانف may be used to INCREASE RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT, زيادة مقاومة لحركة requiring the patient to exert more strength & motor control to propel the limb through water. التحكم في المحركات لدفع الطرف عن طريق المياه